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Shelf exams > neuro- pretest > Flashcards

neuro- pretest Flashcards

1
Q

multi infarct and hemosiderin

A

amyloid angiopathy

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2
Q

wallenberg stroke syndrome (lateral medullary)

A

ipsi: ataxia, horners, loss f facial pain and temp, impaired corneal reflex (effects CNV)
contra: pain and temp of limbs and trunk

dysphagia and dysphonia

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3
Q

nucleus ambiguus

A

contains motor of CN IX, X –> dysphagia

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4
Q

lamictal vs keppra in inpatient setting?

A

keppra! Lamictal takes a looooong time to become therapuetic

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5
Q

sturge weber (encephalofacial angiomatosis)

A

port wine stain over upper dist of V1 and leptomeningeal angioma

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6
Q

alcohol withdrawal timelines:

  • sz
  • DTs
A

sz- 24 hours

DTs- 2-4 days

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7
Q

Lennox-Gestaut syndrome

A

epilepsy: 1-2Hz spikes
- mental dysfunction
- multiple seizure types
- hx of infantile spasms

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8
Q

olfactory hallucinations auras come from…..

A

mesial temporal lobe

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9
Q

most common complication of temporal lobectomy

A

right superior quadrantanopsia

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10
Q

most common cause of intractable complex partial seizures in adults

A

mesial temporal sclerosis

-80% sz freedom with temporalectomy

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11
Q

treatment for West syndrome (recurrent infantile febrile sz)

A

ACTH?

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12
Q

why would you choose valproate in absence sz?

A

ethosuximide causes GI distress

also if they also have generalized tonic clonic sz

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13
Q

jacksonian march: general or focal?

A

begins focal, usually becomes general

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14
Q

benign juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

A

often see myoclonic sz

myoclonus occurs when pt is awake!!

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15
Q

no taste after head trauma?

A

(aguesia)

avulsion of olfactory rootlets –> anosmia is common after brain injury

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16
Q

managment of spinal cord trauma patient coming into ED

A

high dose IV methylpred

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17
Q

you see a ring enhancing lesion on CT in a patient with known HIV. What do you do next?

A

LP CSF for EBV PCR –> specific for CNS lymphomoa

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18
Q

JC virus leads to….

A

PML (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

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19
Q

how does rabies access CNS?

A

retrograde axoplasmic flow

20
Q

upward herniation

A

transtentorial –> crosses tentorium cerebelli

21
Q

downward herniation

A

transforaminal –> crosses foramen magnum

22
Q

cerebellr ataxia signs in someone with breast lump, ovarian, or lung cancer found?

A

paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration –> deg of purkinje fibers, assoc with anti-yo antibodies

23
Q

enzymatic abnormabilty of tay sachs?

A

hexosaminidase A

cherry red spots

24
Q

visual field cut in B12 deficiency?

A

centrocecal scotoma

25
Q

language disturbance in alzheimers

A

transcoritcal sensory loss

  • repition intact
  • lack understanding of complex language
26
Q

caudate shapes what ventricle?

A

lateral

27
Q

tremor in parkinsons is……

A

asymmetric

28
Q

Lewy bodies are intracyctoplasmic or intranuclear inclusions?

A

CYTOPLASM

29
Q

speech defect in parkinsons

A

hypophonia –> progressively inaudible. think of as similar to handwriting

30
Q

hepatolentricular dz

A

WILSONS

atrophy of putamen and globus pallidus

31
Q

bladder issue in MS?

A

spastic bladder (UMN)

good contractility, but poor distensibility–> leads to spasticity

usu have urge incont

32
Q

uthoff phenomenon

A

demylinating sx that get worse in the heat

33
Q

leber optic atrophy

A

mitochondrial DNA mutations

looks like optic neuritis but blind spot extends into central field of vision

34
Q

fragile X phenotype in men vs women

Repeat?

A

women- about half have mild retardation but generally normal

men- hyperextensible joints, prominent thumbs

CGG (chin, giant gonads)

35
Q

friedrichs ataxia repeats?

phenoytpe?

A

GAA (ataxic GAAit)

cerebellar signs
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy!! (cause of death)

36
Q

myotonic dystrophy repeats

A

CTG (cataracts, toupe, gone gonads)

arrythmias

37
Q

neimann pick

A

Sphingomyelinase
cherry red spots on macula
progressive neuro degeneration

(no man picks his nose with his sphinger)

38
Q

antibiotic proph for n. meningitis

A

rifampin

39
Q

transient global amnesia

A

1-24h only!!

general anterograde amenesia

resolves spontanesously

40
Q

a risk of acute angle closure glauc? tx?

A

mydriasis (drug induced, dark room)

  • pilocarpine to inc angle, acetazolamide to dec aq humor production
  • beta blocker drops

NO ATROPINE OR EPI

NO BP LOWERING

41
Q

characteristics of cavernous sinus thrombosis

A
  • palsy of 3,4,5i ii, 6
  • proptosis
  • most common from spread of infection
42
Q

presentation of polymyositis

A

proximal muscle weakness –> difficulty climbing stiars, brushing hair

dysphagia

43
Q

(cervical) spondylytic myelopathy

A

inter or extramedullary compression of mass that causes LMN signs at level of lesion and UMN signs below level of lesion (wide based gait, absent babinski)

  • impaired sensatin
  • impaired bowel/bladder
44
Q

sx of uncal hernation

A

ipsilateral CNIII palsy with contralat

45
Q

INO

A

weak adduction of the AFFECTED EYE

Shelf exams (40 decks)

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