neuro vocab

Question 1

dyskinesia

Answer 1

abnormal involuntary movements

Question 2

akinesia

Answer 2

too little movement

Question 3

spasticity

Answer 3

paralysis
increased tendon reflex
hypertonia

Question 4

deccussation of dorsal column system occurs in?

Answer 4

2nd neuron, body originating in the nucleus gracilis/cuneatus of medulla –> deccusates in medulla –> travels up medial lemniscus to contralateral postcentral gyrus

Question 5

spinothalamic tract

Answer 5

pain, temp, coarse touch

• decussate immediately
• ascend in white matter ventrolateral to ventral horn

Question 6

dorsal columns

Answer 6

proprioception, touch pressure, vibration

• gracillis= lower body
• cuneatus= upper body

***patient with dorsal tumor lost proprioception in legs

Question 7

steroagnosis

Answer 7

using sensory information to create higher level mapping in your head

“feel paperclip in hand and figure out what it is”

Question 8

grapasthesia

Answer 8

draw number on hand and have patient say what number it is

tests higher level processing

Question 9

exam for endocarditis

Answer 9

murmur
roths spot
splinter hemorrage

Question 10

meyers loop –> location, defect

Answer 10

temporal lobe

“pie in the sky”- right superior quadtrantanopia for L sided lesion

**can see overlap in wernicke’s

Question 11

hemorrhagic conversion/transformation of stroke

Answer 11

more common in septic emboli vs thrombotic

Question 12

vasospasm prohpylactic drug

Answer 12

nifedpine

given after SAH because blood causes irritation and vessels can react with vasospasm

Question 13

“enhancement” in mri

Answer 13

MUST HAVE CONTRAST

if no contrast, then its hyperintensity

Question 14

septic emboli shower

Answer 14

cool.

think of endocarditis PBL case

Question 15

infectious endocarditis

Answer 15

pateints at high risk for stroke 2/2 septic emboli

IV vancomycin +/- ceftriaxone!!

asa, warf, antiplat contraindicated/ not necessary

Question 16

temporal lobe functions

Answer 16

smell, hearing
memory (hippocampus)
fear (amygdala)

R= verbal memory
L=visuospatial

Question 17

Parietal lobe

Answer 17

sensory cortex –> post central gyrus

Question 18

Frontal lobe

Answer 18

motor (precentral gyrus)

executive function

Question 19

Valproate

• MOA
• side effects

Answer 19

MOA: sodium channel blocker, increased levels of GABA-a

side effects:

• GI upset
• weight gain
• tremor
• inc LFT
• pancreatitis
• NTD

**think of a drunk person: ataxia, nystagmus, tremor

Question 20

Topomax

• moa
• side effects

Answer 20

MOA= sodium channel binder, binds allosterically to GABA-A

side effects:

• somnolence
• weight loss
• nephrolothiasis
• acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 21

lamotragine

Answer 21

MOA= sodium channel blocker

side effects:

• benign skin rash
• SJS/TEN (1%)
• diplopia

Question 22

pathology seen in cerebellar disease

Answer 22

gait instability
truncal ataxia
dysiadokinesia
dysmetria
hypotonia
nystagmus

Question 23

more sensitive test of B12 defic

Answer 23

methlymalonic acid levels

Question 24

hemineglect: wheres the lesion, where’s the neglect

Answer 24

non dominant parietal lobe (usu R)

neglect the left side

Question 25

conus medullaris vs cauda equina

Answer 25

conus: upper motor neuron signs, symmetric motor weakness, early bowel/bladder dysfunction cauda: lower motor neuron signs, assymetric motor weakness, late bowel bladder dysfunction

Question 26

treatment approced for ALS

Answer 26

riluzole --> gluatamate inhibitor

Question 27

treatment for foodborne botulism

Answer 27

passive immunity with horse anti-toxin descending paralysis that starts with cranial nerve neuropathy --> blurred vision

Question 28

cerebrellopontine angle tumors

Answer 28

acoustic schwannomas --> head ache, hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus

Question 29

respiratory test to monitor GBS?

Answer 29

spirometry --> FVCs, <20ml/kg indicates need to intubate

Question 30

someone on high dose steroids develops proximal muscle weakness with normal labs

Answer 30

glucocorticoid induced myopathy

Question 31

CNVII funciton (besides facial muscles)

Answer 31

taste ant 2/3 tongue lacrimation salivation eyelid closure

Question 32

CNIII function

Answer 32

eyelid OPENING | extraoccular eye movements

Question 33

corneal anesthesia via which CN?

Answer 33

V1

Question 34

common complication after bacterial meningitis in kids?

Answer 34

hearing loss

Question 35

tx for myasthenia gravis

Answer 35

pyridostigmine --> AchE inhibitor long term= immunosuppressive therapy