Psych 256 Exam #1

Question 1

Observing people while sitting on a bench in the park is an example of which of the following?

a. The park experiment
b. Real-time observation
c. Naturalistic observation
c. Nature Watching

Answer 1

c. Naturalistic observation

Question 2

Which of the following animals was shown to bend a wire to retrieve food from a tube?

a. Elephant
b. Crow
c. Monkey
d. Sloth

Answer 2

b. Crow

Question 3

Which of the following situations would show the benefit of encoding specificity (Light & Carter-Sobell)?

a. Study PSYCH 256 exam in a forest and take the exam in the classroom
b. Study PSYCH 256 exam while tired and take the exam while awake
c. Study PSYCH 256 exam in the same classroom as the exam’s
d. Study PSYCH 256 exam while drunk and take the exam while sober

Answer 3

c. Study PSYCH 256 exam in the same classroom as the exam’s

Question 4

Navigating a 4 way intersection would illustrate:

a. Simple Reaction Time
b. Choice Reaction Time
c. The Fan Effect
d. Encoding Specificity

Answer 4

b. Choice Reaction Time

Question 5

When five people stand in a line touching each others’ shoulders and a stimulus is sent to the right shoulder, as promised out loud ahead of time, signaling that each person should squeeze the right shoulder of the person they are touching, the response time should be

a. 2.5 total seconds
b. .5 total seconds
c. .25 seconds per person
d. .5 seconds per person

Answer 5

c. .25 seconds per person

Question 6

When Sam was asked about his knowledge of sports, he said that “it typically includes a ball, scores, and doesn’t rely predominantly on the use of any particular language.” Based on his response, one could say that he had a ______________ for sports.

a. Definition
b. Locked in idea
c. Criterion
d. Schema

Answer 6

d. Schema *

Question 7

Which of the following situations would produce the shortest reaction time?

a. An individual who does not expect to be tapped on the right shoulder has to hit a button with his/her right hand.
b. An individual who expects to be tapped on the right shoulder has to hit a button with his/her left hand.
c. An individual who expects to be tapped on the left shoulder has to hit a button with his/her left hand.
d. An individual who does not expect to be tapped on the left shoulder has to hit a button with his/her right hand.

Answer 7

c. An individual who expects to be tapped on the left shoulder has to hit a button with his/her left hand.

Question 8

In a study, a research participant is shown an ambiguous shape that could either be perceived as a half-moon or the letter C. The participant is told that it is a half-moon and 30 minutes later is asked to draw the figure s/he was shown. Which of the following best describes the figure that the participant will draw?

a. The letter C
b. A half-moon
c. An exact replica of the original ambiguous shape
d. None of the above

Answer 8

b. A half-moon *

Question 9

Jonathan is shown a picture of a New York street. The picture depicts a large building, a dozen people and two cars, one red and one blue. After viewing the picture, Jonathan is asked if he noticed the green car. He is then shown a picture of the same situation, but with a blue car and a green car. He is then asked whether the second picture is the same as the original. Owing to the misinformation effect, Jonathan is most likely to respond in which of the following ways?

a. He acknowledges that the second picture is indeed the picture that was presented to him first.
b. He denies ever seeing the green car in the original picture.
c. He believes that the first and second picture are totally different
d. He believes he saw a red car in the second picture.

Answer 9

a. He acknowledges that the second picture is indeed the picture that was presented to him first.

Question 10

During a court trial, when lawyers question their witnesses, they are not allowed to use leading questions because those questions

a. may bring up repressed memories
b. may cause forgetting
c. may changes previously formed memories
d. may produce unnatural response

Answer 10

c. may changes previously formed memories

Question 11

A subject is shown a picture of a sleeping boy with striped sheets, followed by a picture of the same boy sleeping in plaid sheets with a thermometer in his mouth. An hour later when the subject is asked to remember differences between the two pictures, s/he is more likely to remember:

a. The plaid sheets because it is a token distractor
b. The plaid sheets because it is a type distractor
c. The thermometer because it is a token distractor
d. The thermometer because it is a type distractor

Answer 11

d. The thermometer because it is a type distractor*

Question 12

Sylvester learned Spanish when he was in the seventh grade but has not used this knowledge since then. He is now in first year of college and is in an Introductory Spanish course. He does not remember any of the Spanish that he learned, but seems to be picking it up quickly in the class. This would indicate that while his knowledge might not be immediately ____________ to Sylvester it is still __________ to him.

a. Available, Accessible
b. Accessible, Available
c. Obvious, Available
d. Repressed, Accessible

Answer 12

b. Accessible, Available

Question 13

Natural responses to stimuli tend to…

a. have longer reaction times than unnatural responses to stimuli.
b. have shorter reaction times than unnatural responses to stimuli.
c. be similar when compared to the reaction times of unnatural responses to stimuli.
d. be impossible to measure.

Answer 13

b. have shorter reaction times than unnatural responses to stimuli.

Question 14

Jimmy was in a bad car accident in which he suffered head trauma. When he woke up in the hospital, he had no recollection of the crash and believed that Bill Clinton was the current President of the United States. Jimmy is experiencing the symptoms of…

a. Anterograde Amnesia
b. Retrograde Amnesia
c. Childhood Amnesia
d. Being “locked in”

Answer 14

b. Retrograde Amnesia

Question 15

When taking an exam, it is easier for students to answer multiple-choice questions rather than short-answer questions because

a. Recall is generally easier than recognition
b. Recognition is generally easier than recall
c. Availability is easier than recall
d. Availability is easier than recognition

Answer 15

b. Recognition is generally easier than recall

Question 16

A computer passes a Turing test when…

a. You are having a conversation and you are told that a computer is responding
b. You are having a conversation and you cannot tell whether the responder is a human or a computer.
c. You are having a conversation and are told that a human is responding.
d. You are not told who is responding but you can tell that it is a machine.

Answer 16

b. You are having a conversation and you cannot tell whether the responder is a human or a computer.

Question 17

What is the principle of stimulus-response compatibility?

a. “Natural” responses to stimuli have shorter RTs than “unnatural” responses to stimuli
b. “Unnatural” responses to stimuli have shorter RTs than “natural” responses to stimuli
c. “Natural” responses to stimuli and “unnatural” responses to stimuli have the same RT
d. There is no such thing as “unnatural” responses to stimuli

Answer 17

a. “Natural” responses to stimuli have shorter RTs than “unnatural” responses to stimuli

Question 18

Cued recall is when

a. Clues are given and the individual begins to remember things they may have forgotten, indicating less is accessible than was first thought
b. Clues are given and the individual begins to remember things they may have forgotten, indicating more is accessible than was first thought
c. You suddenly remember an adorable baby
d. You suddenly remember an ugly baby

Answer 18

b. Clues are given and the individual begins to remember things they may have forgotten, indicating more is accessible than was first thought

Question 19

The smallest unit of knowledge that can stand as a separate assertion is known as?

a. A neural network
b. A proposition
c. A relation
d. Propositional network

Answer 19

b. A proposition

Question 20

Brain infections and chronic alcoholism can lead to which syndrome?

a. Retrograde amnesia

b. Anterograde amnesia 
c. Korsakoff syndrome
d. Declarative memory

Answer 20

c. Korsakoff syndrome

Question 21

Ryan went to the Ford dealership; he was looking for a red mustang. The dealer told Ryan that a red Ford mustang was ______, there wasn’t one at dealership, making it ________.

a. Available, Accessible
b. Not Available, Not Accessible
c. Available, Not Accessible
d. Not Available, Accessible

Answer 21

c. Available, Not Accessible

Question 22

Recognition is

a. Always better then recall.
b. Usually better than recall.
c. Never better than recall
d. Always better than cognition the first time around

Answer 22

b. Usually better than recall. *

Question 23

The controversy that involves cases where individuals claim to recover memories of child sexual abuse that they had suppressed though the events never actually occurred is known as

a. Reconstructive memory controversy
b. Suppression retrieval
c. False memory syndrome
d. Sudden recall effect

Answer 23

c. False memory syndrome

Question 24

As described in the textbook, perceptual priming, the effects of the drug midazolam, and word fragment completion, all support the cognitive principle of

a. gaming
b. psycho babble
c. explicit memory
d. implicit memory

Answer 24

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Question 25

As described in the textbook, which of the following provides the most direct source of evidence for a neurophysiological basis for memory decay functions?

a. fMRI
b. log d’
c. long term potentiation
d. short term potentiation

Answer 25

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