PSYC*2650 Chapter 2: The Neural Basis for Cognition Flashcards
What is Capgras Syndrome?
Disorder resulting in an individual being able to recognize people in their world, although convinced that they are not who they appear to be (ex. replaced by a fraud who looks like them)
Damage to which brain regions are associated with Capgras?
- Temporal lobe, disrupts circuits involving the amygdala
- Prefrontal cortex
What is the neural basis for Capgras Syndrome?
- People with Capgras experience an intellectual identification when seeing a familiar face, but lack the emotional appraisal (created by amygdala) that typically accompanies it
- They also lack reasonable thinking and the ability to keep track of reality (prefrontal cortex)
Which brain disorder was influential in coming to the conclusion that many different brain areas are needed for simple achievements?
Capgras Syndrome
What is localization of function?
The study of what specific job is performed by a particular region of the brain
What is neuropsychology?
The study of the brain’s structures and how they relate to brain function
What is clinical neuropsychology?
- A specialty within neuropsychology
- Seeks to understand the functioning of undamaged brains by studying cases involving brain damage
What are neuroimaging techniques?
Non-invasive methods for examining either the structure or activation pattern within a living brain
What are the two types of images that can be produced by neuroimaging techniques?
- Structural imaging
- Functional imaging
How is a computerized axial tomography (CT scan) performed?
- Detectors placed around a person’s head
- Data is interpreted by computer to create 3D map of brain anatomy
Do CT scans provide structual or functional images?
Structural
How is a positron emission tomography (PET scan) performed?
- Low dose of radioactive glucose is injected into patient
- Detectors placed around the head track which brain areas use the glucose
- Computer creates a 3D map of activation levels
Do PET scans provide structural or functional images?
Functional
How is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan) performed?
Uses magnetic fields created by radio waves to construct a 3D representation of the brain
Do MRI scans provide structural or functional images?
Structural
What does functional magnetic resonance imaging measure (fMRI scan)?
Measures oxygen content in blood flowing through each brain region
Do fMRI scans provide structural or functional images?
Functional
Does fMRI imaging provide high or low spatial resolution?
High
Does fMRI imaging provide high or low temporal resolution?
Low
Communication between neurons involves what type of signalling?
Chemical signals
T or F: Communication within neurons involves chemical signals.
False. Involves Electrical pulses.
What do electroencephalograms (EEG) record?
The voltage changes occurring at the scalp, which reflect brain activity underneath.
Do EEGs provide high or low spatial resolution?
Low
Do EEGs provide high or low temporal resolution?
High