PSY255 - Exam 2 Flashcards
Staffing decision
The decision that determines and defines the staff of workforce of the organization.
Movement of workforce through promotion/turnover/etc.
Choose the candidate with the highest probability of success.
High-Performance Work Practices
Set of practices expected to link to positive bottom-line effects/positive results for organization performance.
Includes use of formal job analyses/selection from within for key positions/etc. (how movement [staffing decision] decided)
Guion’s Model
Step 1: Identify applicants
Step 2: Preliminary assessments
Step 3: formal assessments
Step 4: Predict right fit between person and job
Step 5: Administrative procedures (background checks)
Step 6: Placement
Stakeholders in Staffing
Line managers, co-workers, applicants
–+applicants family/society/unions
Construct Validity
The extent to which tan assessment measures what it is supposed to measure.
Criterion-Related Validity
Correlate predictor with criterion to validate inference that higher test scores are related to higher performance.
Content Validity
Content of selection procedure is an appropriate measure of work behaviors.
Selection Ratio
Relationship between the number of jobs available/number of people assessed.
Low ratios are good.
Prediction Errors
False Negative
False Positive
True Positive
True Negative
Cut Score
Score used to hire people, the score below which a candidate would be rejected.
Utility
Utility analysis (cost/benefit analysis) Consider cost of assessment and false positives, quality of applicant, quantity of applicants, benefits of a new method on base rate.
Training
Systematic acquisition of skills, concepts or attitudes that results in improved performance in another environment.
Learning
Relatively permanent change in behavior and capability that is produced by experience and practice.
Performance
The behavior in the workplace that is related to organizational and personal goals.
Social Learning Theory
Self-efficacy, goal setting, feedback, learning goal orientation, performance=approach goal oriented, performance-avoidant goal orientation.
Learning orientation
Deemphasize competition, create a community of learning, encourage making errors and experimenting with new ways of doing things
Four Principles for Training Success
Relevant information is presented, knowledge/skills/abilities are demonstrated, opportunities are provided for practice, feedback given during/after practice.
Transfer of Training
Your ability to transfer your knowledge to different tasks and settings. Seldom evaluated and often unknown, but the ultimate goal of training.
Kirkpatrick’s Four Level Model
Level 1: reaction criteria - trainee impressions (internal)
Level 2: learning criteria - knowledge acquired (internal)
Level 3: behavioral criteria - transfer to job performance (external)
Level 4: results criteria - relationship to organizational outcomes
Training Evaluation Designs
Strongest include:
Random assignment
Control group
Measures obtained before and after training (if control group improves less, then training is effective).
Mediation
X causes the mediator, the mediator causes Y.
Mediator explains the link between X & Y.
X (independent) –> M (mediator) –> Y (dependent)
Moderation
The effect of X on Y depends on the levels of the moderator.
Moderation attempts to identify variables that strengthen and/or change the direction of the relationship between the dependent and independent.
W interacts with X in predicting Y, if the regression weight of Y varies as a function of W.
Job Enrichment
Increase motivational potential of jobs via strengthening core job characteristics.
Attitudes
The degree to which you like or dislike something.
Contains affective, behavioral, and cognitive components.
Includes job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
-Influence behavior, spill over between work and non-work contexts.
Job Satisfaction
Positive attitude or emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experience.
Disposition
Levels of satisfaction remain stable over time, even when they change jobs.
Childhood temperament is related to adult job satisfaction 40 years later.
Job satisfaction of identical twins reared apart is similar.
Disposition is related to satisfaction because it influences how you experience emotionally relevant events at work.
Work Situation
Nature of the work is the most important factor (more than pay).
Overall Satisfaction
In general.
Facet Satisfaction
Job Description Index (JDI): satisfaction with job tasks/pay/promotion/supervision/co-workers
Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS): satisfaction with pay/security/social factors/supervision/growth.
Trait
Enduring/lasting personality characteristic.
State
Transient/temporary (emotions).
Broaden-and-Build Theory
PA leads you to seek out experiences that make you feel good, engage with the environment more, widen your thoughts and actions, build your resources.
Affective Commitment
Emotional attachment to an organization.
Continuance commitment
Perceived higher cost of leaving the organization than of staying.
Normative Commitment
Obligation to remain in the organization.
Hom and Griffeth Model
Thoughts of quitting lead to utility of quitting leads to job searching leads to comparing alternatives leads to quitting.
Comparison usually determines.
Lee et al.
“Shocks” cause voluntary departure more often than accumulated job dissatisfaction.
Organizational Psychology
Systematic study of dispositional and situational variables that influence the experiences and behaviors of individuals in organizations.
-Motivation/attitudes/leadership/teamwork/etc.
“O” Side Performance
Performance = (ability * motivation) - situational constraiints
Motivation
Force that energizes/directs/sustains behavior.
Intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation.
Campbell’s model
Motivation is one of the determinants of performance.
Job performance is a result of “can do” and “will do.”
Motivational Theories
Person as machine
Person as scientist
Person as intentional
VIE theory
Expectancy, instrumentality, valence
