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PSY2001 > PSY2001 W1 Introduction and Methods -L > Flashcards

PSY2001 W1 Introduction and Methods -L Flashcards

1
Q

What is a key aspect of a randomised controlled trial

A

Participants are randomly allocated to a condition

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2
Q

What type of study has the strongest weight when forming conclusions?

A

A meta-analysis

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3
Q

What types of methods do randomised controlled trials use?

A

Experimental

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4
Q

For a review, you decide which studies to include based on an inclusion/exclusion criteria. Studies are synthesised but there is no new analysis conducted. What type of review is this?

A

A systematic review

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5
Q

Experimental Social Psychology Methods

A

Manipulate an independent varaible (IV) and observe the effect on a dependent variable.

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6
Q

Types of experimental methods

A

Laboratory, field and randomised controlled trial

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7
Q

Non experimental Social psychology methods

A

Correlation between variables (no manipulation of an IV)

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8
Q

Types of Non-experimental methods

A

Archival, Case studies, Qualitative research, survey and field studies

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9
Q

What is the aim of an intervention based on social psychology theory

A

They aim to change thoughts, fellings or behaviours to improve societal outcomes

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10
Q

What is the best design for interventions

A

Experiemntal Design: compare effects to a control group, participant allocation to control vs intervention.

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11
Q

What is the best way to allocate participants to intervention or control?

A

Use a computer generator to randomly allocate particiapnts to intervention or contorl condition (to avoid reseacher bias, allocation bias)

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12
Q

How to report Randomized controlled trials

A

Using standardised guidelines (Consolidated standards of reporting trials) Allows replication and findings to be used in policy or practice.

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13
Q

What else is important to consider in social psychology intervention

A

User/patient/public acceptability
(e.g. banning smoking in pub garden has upset the pubs and smokers)

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14
Q

Reviews

A

Reviews collate adn synthesis the methods and findings of multiple research studies on the same topic. Usually also peer-reviewed.

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15
Q

Three types of Reviews

A

Narrative (or literature) reviews
Systematic reviews
Meta-analyses

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16
Q

Narrative/literature reviews

A

Provide an overview of the current knowldege on a general topic.
Introduction + seperate sub-headings discussing separate themes. No methods or results.

17
Q

Systematic reviews

A

Well defined adn precise reseach question.
Includes an introduction, methods, results and discussion section.
Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria adn a clearly defined search for artciles that could be reproduced. Assess the quality of the research studies.
No new analysis

18
Q

Meta-analyses

A

Same as a systematic review by quantifies the magnitude of the effect found across all studies. New analysis. Provides the strongest adn most reliable evidence.

19
Q

What is the key difference between a literature review and a systematic review?

A

Systematic review: has method and analysis and Precis research question

20
Q

What is the key difference between a systematic review and meta-analysis?

A

The meta-analysis has an additional analysis.

21
Q

Issues relevant to social psychology during COVID

A

Risk and threat perception
Prejudice and discrimination
Promote altruism
Social norms
Stress, wellbeing and health behaviours

22
Q

Buckland et al.’s (2021) survey

A

Online survey
Did people’s intake of high energy dense sweet snacks change during the COVID-19 lockdown?
Lower craving control and low cognitive restraint predicted increased snack intake. Targets for interventions

23
Q

Buckland et al.’s (2021) survey - Limitations

A

Sample: mostly white, educated and not home schooling.
Self-reported changes to high energy dense sweet foods

24
Q

Buckland et al.’s (2021) survey - Strengths

A

Online survey – collected more responses than face-to-face, cheap, relatively quick to collect
Collected data during the lockdown (rather than retrospectively)

25
Q

Hierachy of Evidence

A

WORST
Editorials/Expert opinion
Mechanistic studies
HIGH RISK OF BIAS/LOWER QUAILTY OF EVIDANCE
Case reports, case studies
Cross-sectional studies, surverys
Case-control studies
Cohor studies
LOWER RISK OF BIAS/HIGHER QUAILTY OF EVIDANCE
Randomized controlled trials
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs.
BEST

26
Q

What is the choice of methods dependent on?

A

the nature of the hypothesis, resources available and ethics

27
Q

Buckland et al survery results

A

Lower craving control and low cognitive restraint predicted increased snack intake. Targets for interventions.

28
Q

Why was the buckland study using a survey

A

Because of the resource available during confinement

29
Q

What is the structure of a narrative review

A

Introduction + Separate subheadings discussing separate themes. No methods or results. No new analysis, similar to an essay.

30
Q

What is the structure of a systematic review

A

Well defined and precise research question. Introduction + Methods + Results + Discussion

31
Q

What is the choice of methods dependent on?

A

the nature of the hypothesis, resources available and ethics

32
Q

What are the RCTs used for?

A

Used to evaluate interventions and reduce allocation bias

33
Q

Why do the interventions need to be desgined using hgih quality rigorous methods?

A

to avoid negative consequences and wasting resources

34
Q

Why are experiemntal designs the best way to evaluate interventions

A

Compare effects to a control group and participant allocation to control versus intervention.

35
Q

What is an evidence based intervention?

A

Interventions based on Social Psychology theory, aim to CHANGE thoughts, feelings or behaviours to improve societal outcomes (e.g. health, wellbeing, environment).

36
Q

What are three types of reviews used in social psy

A

Narrative (literature) reviews, systematic reivews and meta-analysis

PSY2001 (2 decks)

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