PSY1002 - SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 2 Flashcards
define self
symbolic construct reflecting consciousness of our own identity and an awareness that we exist as a being, separate from other beings
name the 3 types of self
collective, individual, relational
define collective self
attributes shared with ingroup members and distinct from outgroup members
define individual self
attributes that make us unique relative to others
define relational self
relationships one has with specific other
define social identity
defines self in terms of group memberships
define personal identity
defines self in terms of idiosyncratic traits and close personal relationships
explain person-based social identities
emphasising internalisation of group properties by individual group members as part of their self-concept
explain relational social identities
defining self in relation to specific other people with whom one interacts in group contexts
define collective identity
refers to process whereby group members not only share self-defining attributes but also engage in social action to fore an image of what group stands for and how is is represented and viewed by others
if asking ppts loaded questions, how does this impact view of self
describes self differently, as loaded questions make them search through self-knowledge for info presenting them in different light (different presentation at home, or work)
give 3 strategies to construct coherent sense of self
- restrict your life to limited set of context
- keep revising and integrate autobiography to accomodate any new identities, get rid of inconsistency
- attribute changes in self externally to changing circumstance, not internal fundamental change (AOE)
define self awareness
psychological state in which people are aware of their traits, feelings and behaviours
when is self awareness present? (research study)
18 months (rouge test - Lewis & Brooks, 1978)
explain public self awareness
being aware of your public self and how you are being judged by others, evoked when giving presentation or being photographed
name 2 consequences of public self awareness
- evaluation apprehension: fear negative evaluations, nerves, reduce self-esteem
- adherence to social standards of behaviour: more likely to conform to group norm despite it being against personal norm
explain Bateson honesty box study for public self awareness
put eyes photo on box, paid 3x as much for drinks than with control images
explain private self awareness
being aware of self in the mirror, gaining awareness of own arousal (nerves or excitements)
we try to match our behaviours to internalised standard
outline 3 consequences of private self awareness
- intensified emotional response: focusing on self makes us focus on state of mind
- clarification of knowledge: focusing on internal events means we can report them with greater accuracy
- adherence to personal standards of behaviour: true belief is emphasised, less susceptible to external force
outline research for intensified emotional response as consequence for private self awareness
ppt read aloud positive/negative statement looking in a mirror. made more private self aware so experienced more extreme emotive response
outline research into clarification of knowledge as consequence of private self awareness
ppts given placebo but told drug which increases arousal. those looking in mirrors were less fooled, experienced less arousal - lead to more accurate self-knowledge
outline research into adherence to personal standards of behaviour as consequence of private self awareness
wrote essay either against belief in mirror/or not. induced cognitive dissonance (discomfort when behaviours not align with belief) and infront of mirror had less attitude change
what real world negative effect can elevated self awarenesses cause
stress = avoid by using alcohol, suicide
how can a state of reduced objective self awareness lead to deindividuation
dont see self as distinct individuals, fail to monitor actions behave impulsively
define self consciousness
extent to which an individual is chronically aware of their traits, feelings and behaviour
explain private self consciousness, what mental health issue can it cause, but also why can this be reduced quicker
experience more intense emotions, greater tendencies of depression, neuroticism as ruminate on feelings of unhappiness and discomfort
however act in line with personal beliefs, notice symptoms earlier, and get help
explain public self consciousness, what behaviours can this result in
concerned with others perceptions of them, adhere to group norm
avoids embarrassing situation and more concerned with appearance and judge other according to appearance
define self concept
complete set of beliefs that people have about themselves, forms their understanding of who they are
what are self schemas (relate to self concept)
how we expect ourselves to think, feel, behave in particular situation
what do self-concepts/self schema consist of
- perception of self
- experience on this dimension (past experience of us aligning with our perceptions)
have complex self concept made of many discrete self shcemas
what part of brain is responsible for sense of self
widely distributed brain activity, normally across medial prefrontal and medial precuneus cortices
explain the 3 levels of importance we view our self-schemas as
self-schematic: highly important traits to aspect of self
somewhat-schematic: somewhat relevant trait to sense of self
aschematic: traits irrelevant to our self
why is having multiple self schema good for mental wellbeing?
buffer against impact of negative self-schema with more positive self-schema
expand opportunity of social interaction, pleasure, personal growth