PSY1001 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 9 Flashcards
define leadership
process of social influence through which individual enlist, mobilise aid of others in attainment of collective goals
where can leadership be applied
CEO, sports, politicians, activist
what is NOT leadership
social influence, conformity to norms, exercise of power, group>interpersonal process
name determinants making a successful leader (personality and situational)
personality- unique personality trait, leadership style (but if this was the only contribution then leaders would be successful forever which is not case)
situational- can anyone be effective leader in right situation
what is interactionist perspective on leadership
both personality, leadership style and situation if right can result in successful leader
are leaders born? (evidence)
more confident, attractive, talkative, extroverted, open but weak correlation with inconsistencies (0.2-0.3)
describe links between dark triad of personality, and leadership
narcissism, psychopathy, machiavellianism- indifference to morality
autocratic leaders score higher
outline autocratic leader
liked less
aggressive, dependent self orientated atmosphere
high productivity when present, low when absent
remain aloof and give out orders, focus on organising activity
outline democratic leadership styles
liked more
friendly, task orientated, group centred atmosphere
high productivity
hands on, discuss with members, part of decision-making
outline laissez-faire leadership styles
liked less
friendly, group centred, play orientated atmosphere
low productivity but increase in absence
little interest in activity, leave group to organise/complete
outline 2 type of leadership
task-focused and socioemotional
what is task-focused leadership
concerned with achieving aims and goals of group by focusing on tasks needed to achieve those goals
what is socioemotional leadership
concerned with group dynamics and ensuring that group members form cohesive and friendly group
explain Fields contingency theory
effectiveness of leader contingent on matching styles/situ
situational controls determined by
1. quality of leader-member relations
2. clarity of structure of task
3. legitimacy of leaders authority
what does least preferred co-worker scale measure (contingency theory), including control level
leadership styles
rated pos = socioemotional
rated neg = task-orientated
low control= group need guidance, less time building rel, task-orientated
moderate control= leader is not in full control, unclear task structure, relationships-orientated
high control= leader-member rel positive, leader focus on achieving goals- task orientated
evaluate contingency theory
support from empirical evidence
leadership styles seen as stable, so not consistent with varying personality/style, low test-retest LPC score
ability to train leader to adopt different style
focus on high/low LPC scores, ignoring midde who may not be most effective leaders despite situational control
define glass ceiling
underrepresentation of women/minorities in leadership positions, representing invisible and systemic barriers
define glass cliff
women are appointed in leadership when companies are in a risky situation
glass cliff explanation- describe gender based stereotypes
think manager think male
Scheins Descriptive Index rate traits characteristic of men matching companies success (decisive, dominant, hide emotion)
think crisis think female
rated understanding, modest, sympathetic, sentimental, intuition
and rated better at handling crisis
what type of company leadership role is associated with male/female characteristics in a crisis
managerial role active (turn performance around) or passive (take responsibilities)
and women seen as passive
define prejudice
negative evaluation of social group or individuals significantly based on individuals group membership
describe experimental evidence for glass cliff effects
given vignette on companies performance, and select most suitable candidate, rate traits
ranked women suitable and more likely for selection than men in time of crisis
give evidence for racial minority glass cliff in politics, business, and sport
ethnic minorities overrepresented in constituencies with hard to win seat
more likely to be promoted to CEO in failed companies
more likely to be promoted to losing team but replaced with white coaches if unsuccessful
what can appointing women or racial minorities signal for changes
when failing, shift away from past idea to take a new approach
