PSY1001 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 7

Question 1

define environmental psychology

Answer 1

discipline that study interplay between individuals and built or natural environment, including influence of environment on human experience/behaviour/wellbeing, and influence of individuals on environment via understanding, promoting sustainable behaviour

Question 2

name 2 distinct types of pro environmental behaviour

Answer 2

goal-directed behaviour: consciously seek to minimize negative impact of one’s actions, explicit goal to benefit environment
beneficial behaviour: harms environment as little as possible, but not necessarily motivated by environmental goals

Question 3

define carbon footprint

Answer 3

total amount of greenhouse gases that are generated by our actions (CO2e)

Question 4

explain self-report measures of environmental behaviour

Answer 4

ask frequency and intensity of engaging in behaivour
measure intention and willigness to engage

Question 5

evaluate self-report measures for environmental behaviour

Answer 5

quick, easy, recruit large numbers
social desirability bias, not necessarily consciously aware (habitual behaviours), intention-behaviour gap

Question 6

explain behavioural tasks measure of environmental behaviour

Answer 6

not using hypothetical situations but mimics actual beh
cost- how much they will donate to environ charity
effort- screen lists of numbers, for every complete page donation to env charity
time- use navigation system to choose travel route, association with long wait but short emission and vis versa

Question 7

evaluate behavioural tasks measure for environmental behaviour

Answer 7

no SDB
lack ecological validity, work out study aim

Question 8

explain observation measures for environmental behaviour

Answer 8

field setting- observe littering, travel modes, quantity of eco-friendly products bought
lab setting- asses if turns off light, dispose materials in right bin, award ppts for right disposals

Question 9

evaluate observation measures for environmental behaviour

Answer 9

high ecological validity
ethics, no insight into why people does behaviour

Question 10

explain indirect measures of environmental behaviour

Answer 10

indirectly measure people’s engagement in environmental behaviour via assess behavioural outcome eg; measure energy use via meter reading

Question 11

evaluate indirect measures of environmental behaviours

Answer 11

doesn’t measure individual behaviours (household measurements), often still require ppts reporting their measurement, time intensive

Question 12

dual process theory - what 2 systems is pro environmental behaviour driven by

Answer 12

system 1- fast, automatic, unconsc, affect driven (habit, emotion, impulse). habitually turning off appliances
system 2- slow, deliberate, reason-based, conscious (knowledge, attitude, belief)

Question 13

what is knowledge- deficit assumption

Answer 13

people lack knowledge of pro-environmental issues, and therefore need education to explain why, when and how to act

Question 14

what kinds of different intervention are used to increase pro-environmental behaviour

Answer 14

improving knowledge, awareness, incentives, nudges, social influences

Question 15

outline how disgust impacts our perceptions

Answer 15

behavioural immune system- psychological mechanism enabling detecting presence of parasites, pathogens in environment, prompting avoidance of contact
can be over conservative (avoiding likely safe item)

Question 16

how can feelings of disgust stop us living sustainabily (research- willigness to pay task for sustiainable alt)

Answer 16

willingness to pay tasks for wonky veg, insect food, drink/medicine with reclaimed waste
found greater disgust sensitivity predicted lower level of willing

Question 17

how can we overcome feelings of disgust (research - tomatoes with reused water)

Answer 17

either treated wastewater/recycled water and found willingness to use higher for recycled, showing impact of language and framing

Question 18

explain impact of sadness evoking, non emotional videos on pledging money to solve climate change

Answer 18

more donation for emotional>non emotive, but no difference between 2 affective videos
greater donation if immediately donate
if commit to donate immediately after, donate a similar amount

Question 19

explain how guilt could drive pro environmental behaviour

Answer 19

emotion manipulation of coffee with ethical/non but ethical costs 20% more, another scenario inducing feelings of guilt or pride
guilt initiates greater purchases, and greater perceived customer effectiveness, feeling of having responsibilities

Question 20

how can too much guilt not work when enducing pro-environmental behaviour

Answer 20

effective in encouraging sustainability when prompt customer to subtly consider own self-standard of behaviour than when exposed to explicit guilt appeal
creating too negative intensive emotional state wont work

Question 21

define experienced emotion

Answer 21

extent to which engagement in a behaivour actually makes us feel good/bad

Question 22

define anticipated emotion

Answer 22

expectation that engaging in particular behaivours will make us experience pos/neg emotion

Question 23

how can emotional motive work to predict pro-environmental behaviour

Answer 23

anticipated emotion predicts, and can outweigh instrumental consequences of pro-environmental behaviour as anticipate pos emotion when is a stronger predictor of intention than instrumental gains (save money etc)

Question 24

briefly outline hedonic view in motivating pro environmental behaviours

Answer 24

root in behaviour being pleasurable/non experience
some pro-environmental behaviour inherently pleas (organic food taste better)
but also seen less pleasurable (cold shower)

Question 25

outline eudaimonic view of motivating pro environmental behaviour

Answer 25

pos/neg emotion related to emotional behaviour has root in morality, meaningful experience
feel meaningful as contributes to greater good, better they expect to feel, actually feel when engage in behaviour

Question 26

explain warm glow research

Answer 26

ppts complete carbon footprint calculation, told carbon footprint 49% higher/lower than others, and those told more pro-environmental perceive temp in room as more hot