PSY1001 SEMESTER 2 - WEEK 8 Flashcards
describe positive psychology movement
focus on positive experience (happiness, optimism), positive states/trait (gratitude, resilience)
define self compassion
healthy way to respond to self during times of suffering
whats Gilberts theory of self-compassion (based on social mentality theory)
bio approach and compassionate mind develops from “caregiving motivation”, guided by 2 important brain-based systems:
1. parasympathetic safeness system = elicits thought, feeling, behaviour promoting positive relationships with others and self
2. sympathetic threat = prompts thought, feeling, behaviour to reduce threat
how is Gilbert’s theory measured
FSCRS (form or self-criticising/attacking and self-reassuring scale)
24 item, measure amount individual utilise systems during struggles
give an overview of Neff’s self-compassion theory
healthy way to respond to self in time of difficulty, balancing compassionate/non self-responding, involving holding emot or cog pain in mindfulness awareness than avoiding, kind and understanding to self than judgmental and see imperfections as part of shared common humanity (not isolating)
breaking down self-compassion into 6 components
self-kindness vs self-judgement
overidentification vs mindfulness
isolation vs common humanity
explain self-kindness, vs self-judgement as a part of Neff self-compassion theory
self-kindness: responding to all actions, thoughts, feelings, impulse during times of difficulty with understanding, warmth patience
self-judgement: hostile, critical, demeaning self-reaction influences further pain
explain overidentification, vs mindfulness as a part of Neff self-compassion theory
overidentification: ruminate on ones limitations, painful experiences and over-identify as part of self, and unable to see present moment as it is
mindfulness: non-judgemental mind state, requiring alternative, balanced, accepting perspective of experiences
explain isolation, vs common humanity as a part of Neff self-compassion theory
isolation: feeling alone in suffering, failure and inadequacy
common humanity: persons ability to recognise shared imperfections, weaknesses, sorrow, confusion, struggles that all humans experience
what does high over-idenfication, low mindful cause
failure, shortcomings get magnified
how is trait/state as part of Neff self-compassion theory measured
trait self-compassion scale (26items) measure how people typically respond to self during difficult time, stable over time, assessing 6 main components on Likerts
state self-compassion scale (18items) for experimental research, see if one event influences self compassion
explain why self-compassion is NOT self-estseem
being self-aware to support self achieving goals, building resilience but does not include comparison to other
self-esteem is evaluative component of self concept via comparison to others, change over time, subjective self appraisal is intrinsically positive/negative, is reactive to situations
why is self-compassion important
build resilience and coping skills for good mental health, emotional regulation, acceptance, level of self criticism
cross-sectional, observational research shows higher SC showed increased wellbeing, low SC increases depression, anxiety, stress
at what time can self-compassion be important
times of academic, occupational failure, social rejection, negative relationships, criticism or stigma from others
what maladaptive emotional regulation strategies can self-compassion inhibit
experimental avoidance, escape of unwanted experiences, thought suppression, rumination
name compassion based therapies
MSC (mindful self compassion) - includes Gestalt chair, meditation
CFT (compassion focused therapy)
CCT (compassion cultivation training)
CEB (cultivating emotional balance)
ACT
LKM (loving kindness meditation)
MCBT
MBST (mindfulness based supportive therapy)
what is mindful self-compassion programme (MSC) include
8 weeks, psychoeducation, meditation, writing, group exercises to increase SC, satisfactions, happiness and reduce stress, depression, anxiety
uses interventions on how they would respond to friend in similar situation
Gestalt chair
meditation to work through conflicts and see different POV, gain insight into feelings, behaviours
what is gestalt chair
face empty chair and imagine youself sat in chair, explain feelings, thoughts, and see how would talk to self
sit in chair, take on self-compassionate role, explaining feelings/thoughts
how can criticism from others be a barrier to self compassion
cross-sectional evidence for high criticism and rejection from parent causing low SC (alongside childhood neglect, emotional abuse)
creating aversion and fear toward compassion
explain how fear of compassion is a barrier to self-compassion
via insecure relationship with parents, classical conditioned neg outcome to pos emotion
perceive kindness from others/self as threat, preventing engagement
explain how levels of self-compassion in ADHD is linked with fear of compassion
experienced hostility due to symptoms of ADHD (excited, emotionally reactive) so associate caregivers with punishment
explain how internalised negative voice can be a barrier to self-compassion
hypercritical home environment causes marginalised SC, developing interpersonal schemas used to model self relationship
describe neurodevelopment
brains development of neurological pathways that influence performance or functioning
define ADHD
affects persons behaviour and impact inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
define inattention for ADHD
behaviour showing distraction, or inability to meet ones responsibilities
define hyperactivity for ADHD
personal feeling of restlessness and observed as energetic
define impulsivity for ADHD
inability to stop self from doing stuff
describe ASD
affect communication and behaviour, problems with social interaction, repetitive restrictive behaviour, different way of learning, attention and moving
what are some negative correlates in ADHD/ASD
academic and occupational failure
social rejection
stress
negative relationship
financial strain
stigmas
poor mental health
explain statistics for depression and ADHD
50% depression, anxiety
those on ADHD med have 20% less depression rate
explain links between self-compassion and ADHD
ADHD diagnosis = lower SC
high traits (no diag)= low SC, reporting high criticism, mediating reg rel between ADHD, SC
outline research into relationship of ASD and SC
negative associations, including anxiety and depression
how can improving SC in neurodiversity improve mental health (intervention research)
online self-guided intervention
increased SC for all groups and mental wellbeing
however MBCT mindfulness skill improvements and SC didnt mediate ADHD symptoms
