PSY 3604 FINAL 1 Flashcards
Psychopathology
scientific study of psychological disorders and abnormal behavior
Maladaptation
an adaptation that does more harm than good
DSM-V
Current diagnostic manual of the American Psychiatric Association.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
is the handbook used by healthcare professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders. DSM contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.
Statistical Deviancy
a criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it occurs infrequently among the members of a population
Prevalence
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
Incidence
Occurrence (onset) rate of a given disorder in a given population. percentage of new cases
diathesis-stress model
View of abnormal behavior as the result of stress operating on an individual who has a biological, psychosocial, or sociocultural predisposition to developing a specific disorder.
phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
genotype
genetic makeup of an organism
Genome
the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes
heritability
the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next
Monozygotic (MZ)
Twins that develop from a single fertilized egg that then splits in half. These twins are genetically identical.
Dizygotic (DZ)
Twins that develop from two different eggs that are simultaneously fertilized by two sperm. Like ordinary siblings, they share 50% of their genes.
adjustment disorder
an emotional disturbance caused by ongoing stressors within the range of common experience
A disorder in which a person’s response to a common stressor is maladaptive and occurs within 3 months of the stressor.
Mental Disorders
Entire range of abnormal behavior patterns. an illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing them from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life
correlation
The tendency of two variables to change together. With positive correlation, as one variable goes up, so does the other; with negative correlation, one variable goes up as the other goes down.
Generalizability
The extent to which the findings from a single study can be used to draw conclusions about other samples.
HPA Axis
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
a hormonal feedback system that becomes activated by stress and results in the production of cortisol.
Infrequency
How rare is the behavior?
SES
Socioeconomic status.
Position on social and economic scale in community; determined largely by income and occupational level.
Depression
Emotional state characterized by extraordinary sadness and dejection.
Mania
Emotional state characterized by intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria.
INUS model
Insufficient but Necessary parts of a condition which is itself Unnecessary but Sufficient.
Conduct Disorder
Childhood and adolescent disorders that can appear by age 9 and are marked by persistent acts of aggressive or antisocial behavior that may or may not be against the law.
ODD
Oppositional defiant disorder.
Childhood disorder that appears by age 6 and is characterized by persistent acts of aggressive or antisocial behavior that may or may not be against the law.
