PSY 3604-1

Question 1

Psychopathology

Answer 1

scientific study of mental disorders and illness

Question 2

mental disorder

Answer 2

an illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life

Question 3

maladaptation

Answer 3

This is an adaptation that has become less helpful than harmful.

Question 4

DSM

Answer 4

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
is the handbook used by healthcare professionals in the United States and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders. DSM contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders.

Question 5

statistical deviancy

Answer 5

a criterion of abnormality stating that a behavior is abnormal if it occurs infrequently among the members of a population

Question 6

Prevalence

Answer 6

The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.

Question 7

Incidence

Answer 7

Occurrence (onset) rate of a given disorder in a given population. percentage of new cases

Question 8

Psychoanalysis

Answer 8

Methods Freud used to study and treat patients. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist’s interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.

Question 9

diathesis-stress model

Answer 9

View of abnormal behavior as the result of stress operating on an individual who has a biological, psychosocial, or sociocultural predisposition to developing a specific disorder.

Question 10

phenotype

Answer 10

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 11

genotype

Answer 11

genetic makeup of an organism

Question 12

genome

Answer 12

the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes

Question 13

heritability

Answer 13

the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next

Question 14

Monozygotic (MZ)

Answer 14

Twins that develop from a single fertilized egg that then splits in half. These twins are genetically identical.

Question 15

Dizygotic (DZ)

Answer 15

Twins that develop from two different eggs that are simultaneously fertilized by two sperm. Like ordinary siblings, they share 50% of their genes.

Question 16

adjustment disorder

Answer 16

an emotional disturbance caused by ongoing stressors within the range of common experience

A disorder in which a person’s response to a common stressor is maladaptive and occurs within 3 months of the stressor.