Psy 101 Sec 9.4 Adolesence

Question 1

Adolescence

Answer 1

The period of life beginning at puberty and ending with early adulthood.

Question 2

Puberty

Answer 2

The stage of development at which individuals become physiologically capable of reproducing.

Question 3

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 3

Physical characteristics that differentiate males and females but are not directly involved in reproduction.

Question 4

Primary Sex characteristics

Answer 4

Physical characteristics, such as the gonads, that differentiate males and females and play a direct role in reproduction.

Question 5

menarche

Answer 5

The first menstruation.

Question 6

Imaginary Audience

Answer 6

The common belief among adolescents that they are the center of other people’s attention.

Question 7

Personal Fable

Answer 7

The common belief among adolescents that their feelings and experiences cannot possibly be understood by others and that they are personally invulnerable to harm.

Question 8

ego identity

Answer 8

In Erickson’s theory, the attainment of a psychological sense of knowing oneself and one’s direction in life.

Question 9

identity crisis

Answer 9

In Erikson’s theory, a stressful period of serious soul-searching and self-examination of issues relating to personal values and one’s direction in life.

Question 10

role diffusion

Answer 10

In Erikson’s model, a lack of direction or aimlessness with respect to one’s role in life or public identity.
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Question 11

Puberty spans the period of physical development that begins with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and ends with the attainment of full (a) ________ maturity. Adolescents may progress to the stage of (b) ________ operations, which, according to Piaget, is denoted by the ability to engage in abstract thinking and reasoning. Egocentricity in adolescence involves concepts of the (c) ________ audience (believing everyone else is as concerned about us as we are ourselves) and the personal (d) ________ (an exaggerated sense of uniqueness and perceptions of personal invulnerability). Erikson believed the achievement of a sense of who one is and what one stands for (ego (e) ________) is the major psychosocial challenge of adolescence. Erikson coined the term identity (f) ________ to describe a period of serious soul-searching in which adolescents attempt to come to terms with their ego identity and future direction in life.

Answer 11

a. ) sexual
b. ) formal
c. ) imaginary
d. ) fable
e. ) identity
f. ) crises

Question 12

At the preconventional level, moral judgments are based on the perceived (g) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of behavior. Behaviors that avoid punishment are good; those that incur punishment from an external authority are bad.
 At the (h) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ level, conformity with conventional rules of right and wrong are valued because of the need to do what others expect or because one has an obligation to obey the law. At the (i) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ level, moral judgments are based on value systems the individual develops through personal reection, such as valuing the importance of human life and the concept of justice above that of the law. Postconventional thinking does not develop until adolescence, if ever. Gilligan pointed out that (j) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ model was based only on the responses of males and did not take female voices into account. Through her own research, Gilligan concluded that females tend to adopt a care orientation, whereas males tend to adopt a (k) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ orientation. Other researchers have found that differences in moral reasoning between men and women are less clear-cut, although women have a greater tendency to adopt a care orientation.

Answer 12

g.) consequences 
h,) conventional 
I.) postconvention
j.) kohlbergs
k.) justice

Question 13

Lawrence Kohlberg posed moral dilemmas to children and then classified their responses. Children whose responses indicated that they based their moral judgments on the perceived consequences of actions were classified at the ________ level of moral reasoning.
a. preconventional c. concrete operational b. conventional d. postconventional

Answer 13

a. preconventional

Question 14

Cite two types of biases for which Kohlberg’s theory has been criticized.

Answer 14

Gender and cultural biases

Question 15

According to Erikson, what is the major psychosocial challenge facing adolescents?

Answer 15

c. identity versus role diffusion