Psy 101 10.1 Stress Flashcards
Health Psychology
The specialty in psychology that focuses on the interrelationships between psychological factors and physical health.
Stress
stress Pressure or demand placed on an organism to adjust or adapt.
Stressors
stressors Sources of stress.
Hassles
Annoyances of daily life that impose a stressful burden.
Chronic Stress
chronic stress Continuing or lingering stress.
Frustration
frustration A negative emotional state experienced when one’s efforts to pursue one’s goals are thwarted.
Conflict
A state of tension brought about by opposing response tendencies or motives operating simultaneously.
Approach–Approach Conflict.
In an approach–approach conict (see ■ Figure 10.3), you feel drawn toward two positive but mutually exclusive goals at the same time. You may need to decide between taking a vacation in the mountains or at the beach,
Avoidance-Avoidance conflict
In avoidance–avoidance conicts, you face two opposing goals, both of which are unpleasant. Moreover, avoiding one of these undesirable goals requires approaching the other. You may want to avoid a painful dental procedure, but you also want to prevent tooth loss.
Approach-avoidance conflict
In approach–avoidance conflicts, you face a goal that has both positive and negative qualities. You may want to ask someone for a date, but feel panic-stricken by fears of rejection.
Multiple Approach–Avoidance Conflict.
The most complex type of conflict, multiple approach–avoidance conflict involves two or more goals, each with compelling positive and negative characteristics. You may, for example, want to pursue further training after graduation because it will expand your career options, but you are put off by the expense and additional time commitments involved.
PTSD
A psychological disorder involving a maladaptive reaction to traumatic stress.
Type A behavior pattern
A behavior pattern characterized by impatience, time urgency, competitiveness, and hostility.
acculturative stress
Demands faced by immigrants in adjusting to a host culture.
general adaptation syndrome
Selye’s term for the general pattern of bodily responses to various forms of stress.
alarm stage
The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome, involving mobilization of the body’s resources to cope with an immediate stressor.
flight or fight response
The body’s built in alarm system that allows it to quickly mobilize its resources to either fight or flee when faced with a threatening stressor.
resistance stage
The second stage of the general adaptation syndrome, characterized by the body’s attempt to adjust or adapt to persistent stress.
exhaustion stage
The third stage of the general adaptation syndrome, characterized by depletion of bodily resources and a lowered resistance to stress-related disorders or conditions.
lymphocytes
White blood cells that protect the body against disease-causing organisms.
antigens
Substances, such as bacteria and viruses, that are recognized by the immune system as foreign to the body and that induce it to produce antibodies to defend against them.
antibodies
Protein molecules produced by the immune system that serve to mark antigens for destruction by specialized lymphocytes.
psychological hardiness
a cluster of personality traits associated with an increased resilience to
The term (a) _______ refers to pressures and demands to adjust or adapt.
a.) stress
The major sources of stress include daily (b) _______ (minor annoyances of daily life), life (c) _______ (changes in life circumstances), frustration (negative emotional response when goal-seeking behavior is blocked), conict (state of opposing motives), (d) _______ _______ behavior pattern (competitive demanding, hurry-up behavior pattern), traumatic events (natural or human-caused disasters), and pressures of acculturation faced by immigrant groups.
b. ) hassles
c. ) changes
d. ) type a
Stress activates a general pattern of physiological responses, described by Selye as the general adaptation syndrome, or GAS. GAS consists of the (e) _______ stage, the (f) _______ stage, and the (g) _______ stage.
e. ) alarm
f. ) resistance
g. ) exhaust
Persistent or severe stress can impair the functioning of the immune system, leaving us more susceptible to many illnesses, including the (h) _______ cold.
h.) common
Psychological buffers against stress include social support, self-(i) _______, perceptions of controllability and predictability, psychological (j) _______, and optimism.
I.) efficacy
j.) hardiness
Stress management techniques include maintaining stress at a tolerable level, learning (k) _______ skills, taking care of one’s body, gathering information, expanding one’s social network, using humor, preventing (l) _______, replacing stress-inducing thoughts with stress-busting thoughts, not keeping upsetting feelings bottled up, and controlling Type A behavior.
k. ) relaxation
l. ) burnout
Which of the following are characteristics of the Type A behavior pattern? a. impatient, competitive, hard-driving behavior b. experiencing fashbacks, heightened arousal, and emotional numbness c. approach-avoidance conflicts or multiple approach-avoidance conflicts d. experiencing chronic stress or frustration
a
