Psy 101 Sec 11.1 Psychodynamic perspective

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

The relatively stable constellation of psychological characteristics and behavioral patterns that account for our individuality and consistency over time.

Question 2

psychoanalytic theory

Answer 2

Freud’s theory of personality that holds that personality and behavior are shaped by unconscious forces and conflicts.

Question 3

conscious

Answer 3

To Freud, the part of the mind corresponding to the state of present awareness.

Question 4

preconscious

Answer 4

To Freud, the part of the mind whose contents can be brought into awareness through focused attention.

Question 5

unconscious

Answer 5

To Freud, the part of the mind that lies outside the range of ordinary awareness and that holds troubling or unacceptable urges, impulses, memories, and ideas.

Question 6

id

Answer 6

Freud’s term for the psychic structure existing in the unconscious that contains our baser animal drives and instinctual impulses.

Question 7

ego

Answer 7

Freud’s term for the psychic structure that attempts to balance the instinctual demands of the id with social realities and expectations.

Question 8

superego

Answer 8

Freud’s term for the psychic structure that corresponds to an internal moral guardian or conscience.

Question 9

pleasure principle

Answer 9

In Freudian theory, a governing principle of the id that is based on demand for instant gratification without regard to social rules or customs.

Question 10

reality principle

Answer 10

In Freudian theory, the governing principle of the ego that takes into account what is practical and acceptable in satisfying basic needs.

Question 11

defense mechanisms

Answer 11

In Freudian theory, the reality-distorting strategies of the ego to prevent awareness of anxiety-evoking or troubling ideas or impulses.

Question 12

repression

Answer 12

In Freudian theory, a type of defense mechanism involving motivated forgetting of anxiety-evoking material.

Question 13

denial

Answer 13

denial In Freudian theory, a defense mechanism involving the failure to recognize a threatening impulse or urge.

Question 14

reaction formation

Answer 14

In Freudian theory, a defense mechanism involving behavior that stands in opposition to one’s true motives and desires so as to prevent conscious awareness of them.

Question 15

rationalization

Answer 15

In Freudian theory, a defense mechanism involving the use of self-justification to explain away unacceptable behavior, impulses, or ideas.

Question 16

projection

Answer 16

In Freudian theory, a defense mechanism involving the projection of one’s own unacceptable impulses, wishes, or urges onto another person.

Question 17

sublimation

Answer 17

In Freudian theory, a defense mechanism involving the channeling of unacceptable impulses into socially sanctioned behaviors or interests.

Question 18

regression

Answer 18

In Freudian theory, a defense mechanism in which an individual, usually under high levels of stress, reverts to a behavior characteristic of an earlier stage of development.

Question 19

displacement

Answer 19

In Freudian theory, a defense mechanism in which an unacceptable sexual or aggressive impulse is transferred to an object or person that is safer or less threatening than the original object of the impulse.

Question 20

erogenous zones

Answer 20

Parts of the body that are especially sensitive to sexual or pleasurable stimulation.

Question 21

fixations

Answer 21

Constellations of personality traits characteristic of a particular stage of psychosexual development, resulting from either excessive or inadequate gratification at that stage.

Question 22

oral stage

Answer 22

In Freudian theory, the first stage of psychosexual development, during which the infant seeks sexual gratification through oral stimulation (sucking, mouthing, and biting).

Question 23

anal stage

Answer 23

In Freudian theory, the second stage of psychosexual development, during which sexual gratification is centered on processes of elimination (retention and release of bowel contents).

Question 24

anal-retentive personality

Answer 24

In Freudian theory, a personality type characterized by perfectionism and excessive needs for self-control as expressed through extreme neatness and punctuality.

Question 25

anal-expulsive personality

Answer 25

In Freudian theory, a personality type characterized by messiness, lack of self-discipline, and carelessness.

Question 26

phallic stage

Answer 26

In Freudian theory, the third stage of psychosexual development, marked by erotic attention on the phallic region (penis in boys, clitoris in girls) and the development of the Oedipus complex.

Question 27

Oedipus complex

Answer 27

In Freudian theory, the psychological complex in which the young boy or girl develops incestuous feelings toward the parent of the opposite gender and perceives the parent of the same gender as a rival.

Question 28

electra complex

Answer 28

The term given by some psychodynamic theorists to the form of the Oedipus complex in young girls.

Question 29

castration anxiety

Answer 29

In Freudian theory, unconscious fear of removal of the penis as punishment for having unacceptable sexual impulses.

Question 30

penis envy

Answer 30

In Freudian theory, jealousy of boys for having a penis.

Question 31

latency stage

Answer 31

In Freudian theory, the fourth stage of psychosexual development, during which sexual impulses remain latent or dormant.

Question 32

genital stage

Answer 32

In Freudian theory, the fifth and final stage of psychosexual development, which begins around puberty and corresponds to the development of mature sexuality and emphasis on procreation.

Question 33

personal unconscious

Answer 33

Jung’s term for an unconscious region of mind comprising a reservoir of the individual’s repressed memories and impulses.

Question 34

collective unconscious

Answer 34

In Jung’s theory, a part of the mind containing ideas and archetypal images shared among humankind that have been transmitted genetically from ancestral humans.

Question 35

archetypes

Answer 35

Jung’s term for the primitive images contained in the collective unconscious that reflect ancestral or universal experiences of human beings.

Question 36

individual psychology

Answer 36

Adler’s theory of personality, which emphasizes the unique potential of each individual.

Question 37

creative self

Answer 37

In Adler’s theory, the self aware part of personality that organizes goal-seeking efforts.

Question 38

inferiority complex

Answer 38

In Adler’s theory, a concept involving the influence that feelings of inadequacy or inferiority in young children have on their developing personalities and desires to compensate.

Question 39

drive for superiority

Answer 39

Adler’s term for the motivation to compensate for feelings of inferiority. Also called the will-to-power.

Question 40

basic anxiety

Answer 40

In Horney’s theory, a deep seated form of anxiety in children that is associated with feelings of being isolated and helpless in a world perceived as potentially threatening and hostile.

Question 41

basic hostility

Answer 41

In Horney’s theory, deep feelings of resentment that children may harbor toward their parents.

Question 42

We can define (a) ________ as the composite set of psychological characteristics and behavior patterns that distinguish one person from another and that account for (b) ________ of the person’s behavior over time and from situation to situation.

Answer 42

a. ) personality | b. ) consistency

Question 43

According to Freud, the three levels of consciousness are the conscious, the (c) ________, and the unconscious. The conscious represents your present awareness; the preconscious represents the region of the mind that contains information you can readily retrieve from memory; and the (d) ________ represents a darkened region of the mind that contains primitive urges, wishes, and troubling memories that cannot be directly summoned to consciousness. Freud represented personality as composed of three mental structures: the id, the ego, and the (e) ________. The ego attempts to satisfy the sexual and aggressive urges of the (f) ________ in ways that avoid social disapproval or condemnation from the superego, the internal moral guardian or conscience.

Answer 43

c. ) preconscious d. ) unconscious e. ) superego f. ) id

Question 44

The stages of psychosexual development are ordered as follows: (g) ________ (focus on oral activities of sucking and biting), (h) ________ (focus on purposeful control of excretion), (i) ________ (focus on the phallic region, the penis in boys and clitoris in girls), (j) ________ (dormant sexual desires), and (k) ________ (full expression of mature sexuality focused on genital sexuality and procreation).

Answer 44

g.) oral h.) anal I.) phallic j.) latency k.) genital

Question 45

Jung believed in both a (l) ________ unconscious and a shared unconscious he called the (m) ________ unconscious. Adler developed the concept of the (n) “________ complex,” the tendency to compensate for feelings of inferiority by developing a drive to (o) ________ (“drive for superiority”). Horney challenged Freud’s ideas about female psychology and focused on the emotional effects in children of impaired relationships with their (p) ________.

Answer 45

l. ) personal m. ) collective n. ) inferiority o. ) excel p. ) parents

Question 46

Which of the following psychodynamic theorists supported the view that humans share a collective unconscious? a. Carl Jung c. Erik Erikson b. Karen Horney d. Alfred Adler

Answer 46

a. carl jung