Psy 101 Sec 8.1

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Factors that activate, direct, and sustain goal-directed behavior.

Question 2

Motives

Answer 2

Needs or wants that drive goaldirected behavior.

Question 3

Instinctive Behaviors

Answer 3

Genetically programmed, innate patterns of response that are specific to members of a particular species.

Question 4

Instinct theory

Answer 4

The belief that behavior is motivated by instinct.

Question 5

Drive Theory

Answer 5

The belief that behavior is motivated by drives that arise from biological needs that demand satisfaction.

Question 6

Need

Answer 6

A state of deprivation or deficiency.

Question 7

Drive

Answer 7

A state of bodily tension, such as hunger or thirst, that arises from an unmet need.

Question 8

Drive Reduction

Answer 8

Satisfaction of a drive.

Question 9

Primary Drives

Answer 9

Innate drives, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire, that arise from basic biological needs.

Question 10

Secondary Drives

Answer 10

Drives that are learned or acquired through experience, such as the drive to achieve monetary wealth.

Question 11

Stimulus Motives

Answer 11

Internal states that prompt inquisitive, stimulation-seeking, and exploratory behavior.

Question 12

Arousal theory

Answer 12

The belief that whenever the level of stimulation dips below an organism’s optimal level, the organism seeks ways of increasing it.

Question 13

Incentive Theory

Answer 13

The belief that our attraction to particular goals or objects motivates much of our behavior.

Question 14

Incentives

Answer 14

Rewards or other stimuli that motivate us to act.

Question 15

Psychosocial needs

Answer 15

Needs that reflect interpersonal aspects of motivation, such as the need for friendship or achievement.

Question 16

Need for achievement

Answer 16

The need to excel in one’s endeavors.

Question 17

Extrinisic Motivation

Answer 17

Motivation reflecting a desire for external rewards, such as wealth or the respect of others.

Question 18

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 18

Motivation reflecting a desire for internal gratification, such as the self-satisfaction derived from accomplishing a particular goal.

Question 19

Achievement Motivation

Answer 19

The motive or desire to achieve success.

Question 20

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 20

Maslow’s concept that there is an order to human needs, which starts with basic biological needs and progresses to self-actualization.

Question 21

Self-Actualization

Answer 21

The motive that drives individuals to express their unique capabilities and fulfill their potentials.

Question 22

(a) ________ is the set of factors or internal processes that activate, direct, and sustain behavior toward the satisfaction of a need or the attainment of a goal.

Answer 22

a.) Motivation

Question 23

Instinct theory proposes that behavior is motivated by (b) ________ programmed, species-specic, xed patterns of responses called instincts. Though this model may have value in explaining some forms of animal behavior, human behavior is too (c) ________ to be explained by instincts.

Answer 23

b.) Genetically c.) complex

Question 24

(d) ________ theory asserts that animals are driven to satisfy unmet biological needs, such as hunger and thirst. The theory is limited, in part because it fails to account for motives involving the desire to (e) ________ states of arousal. According to (f) ________ theory, the optimal level of arousal varies from person to person. To maintain arousal at an (g) ________ level, some people seek exciting, even potentially dangerous, activities, while others seek more tranquil ones. (h) ________ theory focuses on the “pull,” or lure, of goals or objects that we perceive as attractive, whereas (i) ________ theory focuses on the “push” of unmet biological needs.

Answer 24

d.) drive
e.) increase
f.) arousal
g.) optimal
h.) incentive
I.) drive

Question 25

(j) ________ needs are distinctly human needs that are based on psychological rather than biological factors. They include the need for social relationships and the need for (k) ________. People with a high need for achievement are hard-driving and ambitious. They set challenging but (l) ________ goals for themselves. They accomplish more than people with similar abilities and opportunities but a lower need for achievement.

Answer 25

j.) Psychosocial
k.) achievement
I.) realistic

Question 26

Maslow believed we are motivated to meet more basic (m) ________ needs, such as hunger and thirst, before fullling higher psychological needs. His hierarchy comprises ve levels of need organized from bottom to top: physiological needs, safety and security needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, and (n) ________-needs.

Answer 26

m. ) Biological

n. ) self- actualization

Question 27

The strength of the “pull” that a goal or reward exerts on our behavior is called its __________ __________.

Answer 27

Incentive Values

Question 28

What types of motives prompt exploration of the environment and manipulation of objects, especially novel or unusual objects?

Answer 28

Stimulus Motives

Question 29

What is the term used to describe factors that activate, direct, and sustain goal-directed behavior?

Answer 29

Motivation