Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology > Pseudomonas & Burkholderia > Flashcards

Pseudomonas & Burkholderia Flashcards

1
Q

What species of Pseudomonas and Burkholderia are of most importance? What respiration do they all undergo?

A

P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens = opportunistic

B. mallei, B. pseudomallei = pathogen, bioterrorism

aerobic!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Gram-negative, aerobic rod with polar flagella for motility and attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is commonly associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa wounds and cultures?

A

fruity, grape-like smell caused by aminoacetophenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pseudomonas are able to produce pigments. Which one is characteristic to P. aeruginosa?

A

pyocyanin
(others are pyoverdine, pyorubin, and pyomelanin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is Pseudomonas aeruginosa typically found? What is its host range like?

A

in the environment
- water
- soil/plants
- hospitals, especially moist and plastic
- home

humans/animals –> broad, most common in immunocompromised (opportunistic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 5 factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contribute to its multidrug resistance?

A
  1. impermeability
  2. multidrug efflux pumps
  3. aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes
  4. β-lactamases
  5. biofilm (alginate) - slime, viscous gel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 5 toxins are produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa? How does it attach to its targets?

A
  1. exotoxin A - blocks endocytosis and protein synthesis
  2. phospholipase C - hemolysin breaks cell membrane
  3. pyocyanin - ROS
  4. pyoverdine - siderophore
  5. degradive enzymes

pili, flagella, LPS endotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the point of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing alginate and using T3SS?

A

ALGINATE - mucoid EPS used for biofilm formation, which blocks antibiotics

T3SS - translocates exoenzyme S into host cells to cause apoptosis and blocks immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are common symptoms of skin and ear infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

SKIN - fleece rot in sheep, pyoderma in dogs

EAR - otitis externa in dogs and cats, otitis media/interna in chinchillas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are common symptoms of eye and respiratory infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

EYE - ulcerative keratitis in dogs, cats, and horses

RESP - pneumonia in dogs, cats, and chinchillas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are common symptoms of blood infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa? What are 2 other common types of infection?

A

BLOOD - bacteremia and septicemia in chinchillas

  1. mastitis in sheep and cattle
  2. necrotic stomatitis in snakes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What specimen can be collected for Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation? How does it grow on nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, and blood agar?

A

pus, respiratory aspirates, milk samples, ear swabs

NUTRIENT: fruity grape-like odor, produces pyocyanin
MACCONKEY: non-lactose fermenter (white/colorless)
BLOOD: β-hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does Pseudomonas aeruginosa respond to oxidase and catalase tests?

A

oxidase +
catalase +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated/controlled?

A
  • antibiotic therapy is difficult —> MDR
  • vaccines for farmed mink and chinchillas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Pseudomonas fluorescens? What are 2 unique properties it contains?

A

Gram-negatice, motile, aerobic rod

  1. unable to ferment glucose
  2. produces a fluorescent pigment (pyoverdine) under UV light
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is Pseudomonas fluorescens commonly found? What symptoms does it cause?

A

soil and water

skin ulcers and septicemia in freshwater fish and reptiles

17
Q

What is Burkholderia mallei? Where is it most commonly found?

A

Gram-negative, non-motile, aerobic coccobacillus

facultative intracellular pathogen - cannot live outside of their host

18
Q

What is Burkholderia mallei the causative agent of? Why must it be handled very carefully?

A

Glanders in horses, donkeys, and mules

it is a category B bioterrorism agent

19
Q

What 5 virulence factors does Burkholderia mallei contain?

A
  1. capsule
  2. LPS
  3. multiple secretion systems
  4. quorum sensing mechanism
  5. adhesion proteins and fimbriae
20
Q

What is Glanders? How is it transmitted from horses to humans?

A

contagious, sporadic, endemic, zoonotic disease common in horses and caused by Burkholderia mallei characterized by the formation of nodules and ulcers on the skin and in the respiratory tract

contact, ingestion, inhalation

21
Q

What is the difference betwen acute and chronic forms of Glanders?

A

ACUTE: fever, septicemia, pneumonia

CHRONIC: more common, develops in several months

22
Q

What are the 3 forms of Glanders based on presentation?

A
  1. PULOMARY: tubercle like lesions (nodules)
  2. CUTANEOUS (farcy): nodules, ulcers, yellowish pus
  3. NASAL: ulcerative nodules, nasal discharge (mucopurulent, bloody)
23
Q

Glanders, pulmonary form:

A

nodules in lung —> black, miliated

24
Q

Glanders, cutaneous form (farcy):

A
25
Q

Glanders, nasal form:

A
26
Q

In what media does Burkholderia mallei grow the best? What is it unable to grow in?

A

enriched blood agar containing 1% glycerol

MacConkey (unlike Pseudomonas)

27
Q

What is the only test approved for Glanders diagnosis?

A

serological tests detecting antibodies in the blood
- complement fixation test

28
Q

What test was created to diagnose Glanders in the field?

A

Mallein test —> glycoprotein from B. mallei culture used as an antigen and applied to the skin of lower eyelid or neck
- no longer really recommended due to animal welfare

29
Q

How is Burkholderia mallei specimens processed? How can infection be treated and controlled?

A

must be processed within biohazard cabinet

  • effective cleaning and disinfection with a contact time of 6 hours (formalin, iodophor, sodium hydrochloride, 70% ethanol)
  • antibiotic therapy in endemic areas
  • euthanasia in US
  • no vaccine
30
Q

What is Burkholderia pseudomallei? How does it characteristically stain? Where is it naturally found?

A

Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacillus

bipolar stain, giving it a safety pin appearance

  • facultative intracellular pathogen
  • soil and water where it can lay dormant for years
31
Q

What is Burkholderia pseudomallei the causative agent of?What does this cause?

A

melioidosis via contact in the environment, aka Whitmore’s disease or pseudoglanders (category B bioterrorism agent)

abscess formation in multiple organs

32
Q

What 7 virulence factors do Burkholderia pseudomalleia contain?

A
  1. capsule
  2. LPS
  3. multiple secretion systems
  4. quorum sensing
  5. type IV pili
  6. exotoxins
  7. protease
33
Q

How does Burkholderia pseudomallei typically present clinically? In sheep, goats, pigs, horses, dogs/cats, cows, and humans?

A
  • local skin ulcers
  • chronic abscess formation
  • granuloma formation
  • chronic pneumonia
  • acute septicemia

SHEEP: lung abscesses, pneumnia
GOATS: mastitis
PIGS: asymptomatic lesions on the spleen
HORSE: pseudoglanders
DOG/CAT: abscess formation on multiple organs
COWS: pneumonia, CNS disease
HUMANS: pneumonia, subclinical abscessed

34
Q

On what 2 media can Burkholderia pseudomallei grow?

A
  1. blood agar - greyish-white, non-hemolytic with musty odor
  2. MacConkey agar
35
Q

How is it recommended to treat Burkholderia pseudomallei infection? What are 2 common interventions?

A

antibiotic therapy —> be careful with resistance and relapse

  1. surgical drainage of large abscesses
  2. enucleation in the case of eye infection
36
Q

Pseudomonas and Burkholderia summary:

A

Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions