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Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology > Erysipelothrix > Flashcards

Erysipelothrix Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 species of Erysipelothrix of veterinary importance?

A
  1. E. rhusiopathiae***
  2. E. tonsillarum
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2
Q

What are the 2 major morphological features of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A
  1. Gram positive
  2. long, filamentous rod
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3
Q

What do the filaments of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae cause in the host?

A

emobli

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4
Q

What respiration does Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae undergo?

A

facultative anaerobe

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5
Q

How does Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae respond to the catalase and oxidase tests?

A

catalase negative
oxidase negative

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6
Q

Is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae motile? Spore-forming?

A

no
no

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7
Q

What are the 28 serotypes of Erysipelothrix based on? Pigs are susceptible to 15 of these serotypes, what 3 serotypes of E. rhusiopathiae cause swine erysipelas?

A
  • peptidoglycan antigen on the cell wall
  1. 1a
  2. 1b
  3. 2
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8
Q

What are 4 common culture media used for Erysipelothrix isolation?

A
  1. blood agar
  2. heart infusion + sodium azide and crystal violet
  3. nutrient broth + 1% glucose
  4. triple sugar iron
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9
Q

How does Erysipelothrix grow on blood agar?

A

α-hemolytic

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10
Q

How does Erysipelothrix grow on heart infusion agar with sodium azide and crystal violet?

A

able to ferment glucose and lactose, producine acid, but is not able to ferment maltose and mannitol

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11
Q

What is the result of Erysipelothrix growing in triple sugar iron agar?

A

H2S is produced by 95% of Erysipelothrix species strains in this media (the only Gram positive able to do so), causing a foul smell

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12
Q

What is the main environment for Erysipelothrix? What is its predilection site in the host?

A

slurry of cattle herds or sewage from abattoirs (frank pathogen!)

tonsils
lymphoid tissue of intestinal tracts in carrier animals

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13
Q

What are the 3 most common hosts of Erysipelothrix?

A
  1. pigs*** (including wild boar)
  2. horses with vegetative endocarditis
  3. turkey with swollen snood
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14
Q

When do humans tend to become infected with Erysipelothrix? What 4 conditions does it cause?

A

occupational zoonosis (contact!) - vets, abattoir workers, butchers, farmers

  1. purple-colored hardened swelling of fingers
  2. endocarditis
  3. pneumonia
  4. meningitis
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15
Q

In what 2 ways does Erysipelothrix enter their host?

A
  1. enter orally to colonize tonsils
  2. fly vectors
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16
Q

What are the 4 ways that Erysipelothrix exit their host?

A
  1. fecal*** (to spread in environment)
  2. urine
  3. saliva
  4. nasal secretion
17
Q

Why is Erysipelothrix considered less virulent?

A

less virulence factors compared to other bacteria

18
Q

What 2 surface structures contribute to Erysipelothrix virulence?

A
  1. capsule (lipopolysaccharide, slime, glycocalyx) - resistance to phagocytosis
  2. surface protective proteins (spA, B, and C antigens) - biofilm formation, adhesion, elicits an immune response
19
Q

How have we used Erysipelothrix surface protective proteins?

A

incorporated into a vaccine (subunit)

20
Q

What 3 enzymes contribute to Erysipelothrix virulence?

A
  1. neuraminidase (sialidase) - bacterial attachment, invasion, blood vessel destruction leading to hemorrhage and thrombosis
  2. hyaluronidase - spreading via hyaluronic acid and polysaccharide destruction between adjacent cells
  3. superoxide dismutase - protection from intracellular killing by macrophages
21
Q

What does the neuraminidase (sialidase) cause in the host?

A

bacterial emboli and infarction in heart valves (endocardiitis), spleen, liver, kidney, and joints (polyarthritis)

(destroys blood vessels)

22
Q

What skin problem does Erysipelothrix cause in pigs?

A

Diamond Skin disease - rhomboid urticarial skin lesions

23
Q

What skin problem does Erysipelothrix cause in turkeys?

A

acute turkey erysipelas, causing swollen and purple/dark snoods

24
Q

What skin problem does Erysipelothrix cause in humans?

A

erysipeloid - purplish, swollen, painful, hardened rash on fingers

(unlike wet and exudative skin of Strep infection)

25
Q

What 6 conditions are caused by Erysipelothrix dissemination from the skin?

A
  1. endocarditis
  2. pneumonia
  3. meningitis
  4. osteomyelitis
  5. arthritis
    6 abortion
26
Q

What are the 5 forms of Erysipelas based on body part tropism?

A
  1. SKIN - rhomboid, urticaria,l purple/black, and hard skin lesions arond the belly, inside of thighs, throat, neck, and ears
  2. RESPIRATORY - pneumonia
  3. CARDIOVASCULAR - purple/black discoloration of the skin of the belly with cyanotic extremities due to septicemia, emboli, infarcts, and endocarditis that blocks heart valves
  4. JOINTS - polyarthritis mainly at the elbow, hip, hock, stifle, and knee joints
  5. UTERINE - abortion due to fever, but bacteria is isolated from fetus
27
Q

What are the top 2 causes of endocarditis in the pig industry?

A
  1. Step. suis
  2. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
28
Q

How does Erysipelothrix infection compare to Staph. hyicus and Strep. suis?

A

Strep. suis manifests similar systemic clinical signs

  • Erysipelothrix = lacy-skin disease, no pus formation
  • Staph. hyicus = greasy skin
  • Strep. suis = contagious pyoderma
29
Q

What are the main 3 ways of diagnosing Erysipelothrix vs Staph. hyicus and Strep. suis?

A
  1. clinical signs - lace-like/diamond-shape skin lesion with no pus formation
  2. bacteriology - Gram positive and long/filamentous rods, catalase negative, α-hemolytic, H2S in agar
  3. serology - 28 serotypes
30
Q

What are 3 common treatments for erysipelas?

A
  1. penicillin
  2. ampicillin
  3. ceftiofur

(not a member os ESKAPE)

31
Q

In what 2 ways is erysipelas controlled? Why isn’t the vaccine dependable?

A
  1. remove clinically sick or positive animals from herd immediately
  2. good hygiene - all-in all-out policy followed by disinfection before restocking
  • tends to fail due to 28 serotypes
  • short duration of immunity (lasts less than 6 mos)

Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology (47 decks)

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