Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology > Edwardsiella, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas & Vibrio > Flashcards

Edwardsiella, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas & Vibrio Flashcards

1
Q

Edwardsiella, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Vibrio phylogeny:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Edwardsiella tarda? Is it motile? Where is it most commonly found?

A

facultative anaerobic Gram-negative rod in the Enterobacteriaceae family

yes - peritrichous flagella

terrestrial and aquatic environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of pathogen is Edwardsiella tarda?

A

opportunistic pathogen (Edwardsiellosis) of fish with zoonotic potential via foodborne and waterborne infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What attachment and secretion virulent factors are present in Edwardsiella tarda?

A

ATTACHMENT: flagella, LPS, fimbriae

SECRETION: hemolysin, proteinase, T3SS, T6SS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is Edwardsiella able to evade host immune system and form biofilm?

A

IMMUNE EVASION: serum resistance, capsule

BIOFILM: quorum sensing - releases signal molecules to attract others to increase the bacterial population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the causative agents of Edwarsiellosis in flounder, channel catfish/tilapia, and eel?

A

FLOUNDER: E. tarda, E. piscicida

CHANNEL CATFISH/TILAPIA: E. ictaluri

EEL: E. anguillarum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 3 symptoms of Edwardsiellosis in fish?

A
  1. granuloma in multiple organs
  2. ascites
  3. skin ulceration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the causative agent of Edwarsiellosis in humans? What are 2 symptoms?

A

E. tarda

  1. gastroenteritis —> diarrhea
  2. bacteremia/septicemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can Edwardsiella tarda cause in cows? How does it present? How is it differentiated from other bacteria causing similar signs?

A

typhlocolitis
- greenish fluid in abdominal cavity and fecal material
- deposition of fibrin in abdominal cavity
- ruptures of cecum and colon
- necrosis in cecum

+ growth on MacConkey agar
- growth on deoxycholate citrate agar
- growth on Yersinia selective agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

E. tarda rarely causes typhlocolitis in cows. What may have caused this infection?

A
  • water supply contamination
  • stress leading to immunocompromisation: post-partum, post-weaning, travel, living environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Edwardiella tarda grow on blood agar, MacConkey agar, brilliant green agar, and XLD agar?

A

BLOOD: hemolytic
MACCONKEY: pale, colorless
BG: no growth (made for Salmonella)
XLD: reddish/black center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does Edwardsiella tarda respond to oxidase and catalase tests? What serological tests can be used for diagnosis?

A

oxidase -, catalase +

agglutination, ELISA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is Edwardsiella tarda infection treated/controlled in fish and humans?

A

FISH
- antibiotic therapy: oxytetracycline
- control with quarantine and water quality

HUMANS
- natural, spontaneous cure
- antibiotic theraphy
- debridement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Plesiomonas shigelloides? What makes it a unique member of Enterobacteriaceae?

A

Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod motile by polar and lateral flagella

only oxidase-positive member

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is Plesiomonas shigelloides found in the environment? What kind of pathogen is it?

A

fresh water limited to tropical and subtropical regions

opportunistic pathogen of fish and reptiles with zoonotic potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the arrangement of Plesiomonas shigelloides flagella alter depending on what media it is growing in?

A

LIQUID = polar

SOLID = lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 2 sources of infection of Plesiomonas shigelloides in humans? What are 2 symptoms?

A
  • ingestion of contaminated water or seafood
  • contact with infected animals

~ gastroenteritis - watery diarrhea
~ bacteremia/septicemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 4 virulence factors affect Plesiomonas shigelloides pathogenicity?

A
  1. enterotoxins (diarrhea)
  2. LPS
  3. hemolysin
  4. iron acquisition system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A 7 y/o male gray wolf was found dead at a zoo after an exhibition. He presents with a swollen abdomen, hemorrhagic congestion and ascites, decolorization of the liver, air bubbles in the stomach, and splenomegaly.
Histology found rod-shaped bacteria in the liver parenchyma and hemorrhagic ascites.

Plesiomonas shigelloides infection is rare in zoon animals, what can contribute to it causing the death of this wolf?

A
  • septicemia is possible, which leads to the systemic effects
  • wolf has a history of storing food before it ate, which can lead to contamination
  • exhibition = stress = immunocompromised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

From what specimen can Plesiomonas shigelloides be isolated? How does it grow on blood agar, MacConkey agar, and Hektoen enteric agar?

A

wound or stool culture

BLOOD: hemolytic or non-hemolytic
MACCONKEY: colorless, non-lactose fermenter
HEKTOEN: green colonies, no use of carbohydrates

21
Q

How does Plesiomonas respond to catalase, oxidase, and indole tests?

A

catalase +
oxidase +**
indole +

22
Q

Why aren’t Plesiomonas shigelloides infections typically treated with antibiotics?

A
  • treatment usually not required
  • β-lactamase producers: cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
23
Q

What is Aeromonas? In what 2 places is it typically found?

A

Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic straight rod

  1. fresh water - fish ponds and tanks
  2. normal flora of freshwater fish (opportunistic)
24
Q

What are the 2 groups of Aeromonas?

A
  1. motile and mesophilic (moderate temp) = A. hydrophila = human pathogen
  2. non-motile and psychrophilic (low temp) = A. salmonicidia = fish pathogen
25
Q

What virulence factors do Aeromonas use for attachment and secretion?

A

ATTACHMENT: type I and IV pili, flagella

SECRETION: exoenzymes, hemolysins, enterotoxins, T3SS, T6SS

26
Q

How is Aeromonas able to form biofilms and resist the host immune system?

A

BIOFILMS: quorum sensing (cell-to-cell communication)

IMMUNE EVASION: capsule, slime layer

27
Q

How does Aeromonas hydrophila infection affect freshwater fish and humans?

A

FISH: hemorrhagic septicemia and skin lesions

HUMANS: diarrhea, septicemia
- contaminated typically through contaminated water/seafood or open wound exposure to water

28
Q

What are 2 common symptoms of Aeromonas salmonicida infection in fish?

A
  1. furunculosis in salmonids
  2. ulcer disease in goldfish
29
Q

How does Aeromonas hydrophila and salmonicida grow differently on plated media?

A

A. hydrophila - hemolysis +, catalase +, oxidase +, growth at 37C for 24 hrs, large colonies, mobility +

A. salmonicida - hemolysis +, catalase +, oxidase +, growth at 25C for 48 hrs, small colonies, mobility -

30
Q

What antibiotics are Aeromonas resistant to? What treatment is recommended?

A

penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin due to β-lactamase production

  • 3rd gen cephalosporins
  • carbapenems
  • tetracyclines
  • aminoglycosides
  • fluoroquinolones
  • trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
31
Q

What is Vibrio? What environment does it prefer?

A

Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, curved rod motile by polar flagella

HALOPHILIC - present in brackish and seawater

32
Q

What kind of pathogen is Vibrio? What are the causative agents of disease in humans, chickens, and eels?

A

opportunistic pathogen of fish and reptiles

HUMANS: V. cholerae, V. parahemolyticus
CHICKENS: V. metschnikovii
EELS: V. anguillarum

33
Q

What is Vibrio cholerae the causative agent of? What allows it to cause symptoms? How is it treated?

A

cholera in humans

cholera toxin —> watery diarrhea —> dehydration —> death

oral rehydration therapy

34
Q

What is Vibrio parahaemolyticus the causative agent of? What 5 virulence factors does it contain?

A

food poisoning in humans (typically from seafood)

  1. thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)
  2. LPS
  3. T3SS/T6SS
  4. flagella
  5. adhesin (MAM7)
35
Q

What is unique about Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth on blood agar?

A

does not grow on the usual blood agar containing sheep blood - must grow on Wagatsuma agar containing human/rabbit blood where it is hemolytic

36
Q

What agar is best recommended for isolating and identifying Vibrio parahemolyticus? What else is used?

A

TCBS agar - greenish colonies

Mannitol salt agar - yellow colonies

37
Q

How does Vibrio parahemolyticus respond to oxidase and catalase tests?

A

oxidase +
catalase +

38
Q

What is Vibrio metschnikovii the causative agent of? What are its 2 main virulence factors?

A

cholera-like disease in chickens and other birds

  1. hemolysin
  2. verotoxin
39
Q

How does Vibrio metschnikovii grow on blood agar and MacConkey agar? How does it respond to oxidase and catalase tests?

A

BLOOD: hemolytic - smooth, transparent colonies
MACCONKEY: grows poorly

oxidase -*
catalase +

40
Q

In what animals does Vibrio anguillarum typically cause infection? What are 2 clinical signs?

A

saltwater eels and other fish

  1. skin necrosis
  2. hemorrhagic septicemia
41
Q

What 4 virulence factors are important in Vibrio anguillarum?

A
  1. iron uptake system
  2. hemolysins
  3. metalloproteases
  4. flagella, pili, LPS
42
Q

What specimen can be taken for Vibrio anguillarum isolation? How does it grow on blood agar? What is the agar of choice for its growth?

A

water samples, swab, infected tissue

+ 1% NaCl - hemolytic

TCBS agar - yellow colonies

43
Q

In what 4 ways is Vibrio anguillarum infection typically treated/controlled?

A
  1. antibiotics - cephalosporins, gentamycin, nalidixic acid
  2. phage therapy
  3. probiotics
  4. vaccination
44
Q

Edwardsiella, Plesiomonas, Aeromonas, Vibrio summary:

A
45
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides is intrinsically resistant to what class of antibiotics?

a. penicillins
b. cephalosporins
c. aminoglycosides
d. fluoroquinolones

A

A

46
Q

An 11 y/o FS Border Collie developed severe soft tissue infection after swimming in saltwater. What organism if more commonly associated with the skin lesion?

a. Plesiomonas shigelloides
b. Aeromonas hydrophila
c. Vibrio vulnificus
d. Edwardsiella tarda

A

C

47
Q

Which oxidase-positive and indole-positive organism is more commonly associated with freshwater injuries?

a. Aeromonas hydrophila
b. Vibrio parahaemolytica
c. Edwardsiella tarda
d. Escherichia coli

A

A

48
Q

What is the most likely cause of death of tilapia, mallard ducks, and snowy egrets using the same pond?

A

Edwarsdiella tarda

Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions