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Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology > Mycology: Introduction > Flashcards

Mycology: Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are fungi?

A

eukaryotic, non-photosynthetic heterotrophs that produce exoenzymes and obtain nutrients by absorption

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2
Q

What are the 2 forms fungi take based on their sexual reproductive life cycle? What kind or reproduction is spore formation?

A
  1. TELEMORPH = sexual form
  2. ANAMORPH = asexual form

can be sexual or asexual

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3
Q

What are mitosporic fungi? In what 3 ways are fungi characterized based on how they get nutrients?

A

fungi that lack meiotic stages

  1. saprophytic**
  2. parasitic
  3. mutualistic
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4
Q

What are the cell walls of fungi made out of?

A

chitin

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5
Q

How do most fungi grow on media? What 2 things are they able to tolerate? What media is most commonly used?

A

grow aerobically at 25 degrees C

  1. high osmotic pressure
  2. low pH

Saubouraund dextrose agar at 27-37 degrees C

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6
Q

What 3 phyla of fungi are of veterinary importance?

A
  1. Ascomycota
  2. Basidiomycota
  3. Zygomycota`
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7
Q

What are the 2 main morphological fungi?

A
  1. molds - branching filaments (hyphae)
  2. yeasts - unicellular, oval, spherical

dimorphic can occur as both

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8
Q

What does Candida albicans have a unique structure?

A

pleoorphic - produces other forms in addition to molds and yeast

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9
Q

What are the major components of hyphal cell walls? Yeast?

A

MOLD/HYPHAE: carbohydrate components including chitin macromolecules with cellulose cross-linkages

YEAST: protein complexed with polysaccharides and a range of lipids (if bilayered, it also contains cholesterol)

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10
Q

What are present in both molds and yeasts?

A
  • nuclei with well-defined nuclear membranes
  • mitochondria
  • networks of microtubules
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11
Q

What are the 3 types of hyphae?

A
  1. separated hyphae
  2. aseptate hyphae
  3. vegetative and aerial hyphae
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12
Q

How do fungi grow? What leads to spore-bearing structures?

A
  1. spore
  2. hyphae
  3. mycelium (anchors into medium)

hyphae elongated into aerial hyphae and give off spore-bearing structures

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13
Q

How do most yeasts asexually reproduce?

A

budding

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14
Q

Basal fungal structures:

A
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15
Q

What are the 7 types of asexual spores produced by fungi of veterinary importance?

A
  1. ARTHROCONIDIA: spores formed and subsequently released during hyphal fragmentation, either successively or with intervening cells (fragmentation)
  2. BLASTOCONIDIA: conidia are produced by budding from a mother cell, from hyphae, or from pseudohyphae
  3. CHLAMYDOCONIDIA: thick-walled, resistant spores with storage products, commonly formed in unfavorable conditions
  4. MACROCONIDIA: large, multi-celled conidia produced by dermatophytes in culture
  5. MICROCONIDIA: small conidia produced by some dermatophytes
  6. PHIALOCONIDIA: conidia produced from phialides
  7. SPORANGIOSPORES: spores formed by zygomycetes and are released when a mature sporangium ruptures
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16
Q

Fungi asexual spores:

A
17
Q

What are the 4 colony features that fungi typically show?

A
  1. cottony
  2. velvety
  3. granular
  4. glabrous
18
Q

In what 3 ways can fungal topography be described?

A
  1. rugose
  2. umbonate
  3. verrucose
19
Q

What 3 structures do hyphae typically undertake?

A
  1. favic chandeliers
  2. racquet hyphae
  3. spiral hyphae
20
Q

What 8 factors can predispose to fungal invasion of tissues?

A
  1. immunosuppression
  2. prolonged antibiotic therapy
  3. immunological defects
  4. immaturity, aging, malnutrition
  5. exposure to heavy challenge of fungal spores
  6. traumatized tissue
  7. persistent moisture on skin surface
  8. neoplasm
21
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms involved in fungal disease?

A
  1. tissue invasion (mycosis)
  2. toxin production (mycotoxicosis)
  3. induction of hypersensitivity
22
Q

In what 3 ways are fungal diseases categorized according to sites of infection?

A
  1. SUPERFICIAL: epidermis, other keratinized structures, mucous membranes (Dermatomycosis - Candida, Microsporum, Trichophyton)
  2. SUBCUTANEOUS: subcutaneous tissue (Phaeohyphomycosis, mycetoma)
  3. SYSTEMIC: respiratory and GI tracts and other organ systems (saprophytic, antimicrobial therapy)
23
Q

What samples are typically taken for fungal infection diagnosis? What are 2 common stains used?

A
  • hair
  • skin
  • biopsies
  1. Periodic acid-Schiff
  2. methanamine silver impregnation
24
Q

How are fungi prepared for direct microscope observation? Spores?

A

wet preparation in 10% KOH

lactophenol cotton blue

25
Q

Direct microscopy examination:

A

Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology (47 decks)

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