Bordetella Flashcards
What are the 2 significant species of Bordetella?
- B. bronchiseptica - affects many animals and is a secondary pathogens in humans
- B. avium - fowl
What are 3 major aspects of Bordetella bronchiseptica structure?
- Gram negative cocoobacillus
- may stain bipolar
- very motile - lots of flagella
What fermentation does Bordetella bronchiseptica undergo?
non-sacchrolytic (doesn’t utilize sugars) and non-fermentative —> ferment amino acids like sulfur and nitrogen, which increases the pH of the environment
(nothing happens on TSI)
How does Bordetella bronchiseptica react to urease, oxidase, and catalase tests?
urease, oxidase, and catalase positive
What media is Bordetella bronchiseptica able to grow on?
MacConkey and blood agar
Where does Bordetella bronchiseptica infect? How is it transmitted?
obligate parasite of the upper respiratory tract of mammals
aerosol —> strict aerobe
What disease does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause in dogs? How does it cause this disease?
Kennel cough (tracheobronchitis), pneumonia secondary to viral infection
- attaches to epithelial cilia of the respiratory tract
- produces toxins that kill the ciliated cells, which deteach and cause inflammation
- this causes mucus to accumulate, causing a chronic cough
What predilection does Bordetella bronchiseptica have?
cilia —> rarely bound to aciliated cells or aciliated portions of ciliated cells
What is characteristic of kennel cough?
dry hacking that may last for weeks
- runny nose
- sneeze
- vomiting
What are animals with kennel cough typically co-infected with? What can this progress into?
distemper or other respiratory agents, like parainfluenza
development of pneumonia
What infection does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause in swine? Where is this infection centered? What does this cause?
swine atrophic rhinitis (sow most common source)
turbinates
toxins cause maxilla to shorten and twist the snout to the side
When is Bordetella bronchiseptica infection common in piglets? What does this cause?
winter months
primary bronchopneumonia - respiratory distress and cough with a high morbidity and mortality
(avirulent live culture vaccine available —> able to produce toxins)
What is Bordetella bronchiseptica associated with in cats? What 2 viral infections is it related to?
upper respiratory tract disease (URTD), with trachebronchitis, conjunctivitis, or pneumonia
- symptoms are mild and tend to disappear in 10 days
- life-threatening in young kittens
- feline calicivirus (FCV)
- feline herpesvirus (FHV)
What allows for Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in other animals?
stress, immunocompromised, other respiratory infection
- respiratory disease in rodents
- systemic and respiratory infections in compromised humans (AIDS)
ZOONOTIC
What are the 3 major compromising factors of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection?
- previous or co-infection of respiratory tract with other bacteria/viral agents (canine influenza, FCV, FHV, Pateurella multocida)
- crowding (highly contagious!)
- inclement weather