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French Wine Scholar > Provence > Flashcards

Provence Flashcards

1
Q

Who introduced vines into Provence?

A

Phocaeans

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2
Q

How did the Provencale wine industry evolve after the 14th C?

A

Nobility and military leaders began buying up vineyards

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3
Q

What did Provence’s wine become known as in the 14th C?

A

The wine of aristocrats

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4
Q

When did Provence become part of France?

A

Late 15th C

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5
Q

What types of vines were planted post Phylloxera?

A

High yielding vines to produce volumes for tourists

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6
Q

What is the climate of Provence?

A

Mediterranean

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7
Q

True or false. The Mistral affects Provence

A

True - but it is generally in a South-Easterly direction

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8
Q

Which is the most mountainous part of Provence - East or West?

A

Eastern

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9
Q

What is the primary soil type of l’Esterel in Provence?

A

Sandstone

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10
Q

What is the primary soil type of Le Massif des Maures in Provence?

A

Granite

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11
Q

Which massif lies between Frejus and Cannes?

A

Massif de L’Esterel

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12
Q

Which massif lies between Hyeres and Frejus?

A

Massif des Maures

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13
Q

Which mountain range lies between Toulon and Marseille?

A

Sainte-Baume

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14
Q

Which massive lies between Marseille and Cassis

A

Massif des Calanques

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15
Q

What mountain lies to the east of Aix-en-Provence?

A

Montagne Sainte-Victoire

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16
Q

Which mountains lie to the south of Avignon?

A

Les Alpilles

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17
Q

What are the two primary soil types of Provence?

A

Limestone/ clay (west)
Quartz rich schist (east)

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18
Q

On what type of soil is garrigue found in Provence?

A

On limestone soils

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19
Q

What is maquis?

A

A similar scrub to garrigue

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20
Q

On what soils can maquis be found?

A

On the acidic quartz rich schist found in eastern Provence

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21
Q

Who introduced Cabernet Sauvignon to Provence?

A

Georges Brunet, owner of Chateau La Lagune

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22
Q

What soil is found in the Massif de L’Esterel?

A

Volcanic (Sandstone)

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23
Q

What soil is found in the Massif Sainte-Beaume?

A

Limestone

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24
Q

What soil is found in the Massif des Calanques?

A

Limestone

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25
Q

What soil is found in the Montagne Sainte-Victroie?

A

Limestone

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26
Q

What soil is found in the Les Alpilles?

A

Limestone

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27
Q

What was the primary grape variety planted in Provence in the 1960s?

A

Carignan

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28
Q

What is the current most widely planted grape in Côtes de Provence today?

A

Grenache

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29
Q

Which AOC in Provence uses Braquet Noir?

A

Bellet AOC

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30
Q

What is the traditional vine training method used in Provence?

A

Gobelet

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31
Q

Why is Guyot training become more popular in Provence?

A

Because it allows mechanical harvesting to gather the grapes quickly at night

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32
Q

How much earlier are grapes destined for Rosé harvested compared to red wines

A

10 to 14 days

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33
Q

How many harvests might rosé producers make to produce balanced wines?

A

3

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34
Q

What characteristics would the first rosé harvest provide?

A

Acidity

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35
Q

What characteristics would the second rosé harvest provide?

A

Ripe fruit

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36
Q

What characteristics would the third rosé harvest provide?

A

higher sugar for alcohol/ body

37
Q

How are Provencale producers retaining moisture in the soils?

A

Planting rye grass cover crops and using it as mulch

38
Q

How are Provencale producers providing shade within the vineyards?

A

planting single rows of trees

39
Q

True or false: No sparkling or sweet wines are permitted to be made in Provence under the current AOC rules?

A

True

40
Q

What style of wine dominates Provence’s production?

A

Rose - 90%

41
Q

What factors influence a rosé wine’s colour?

A

Grape variety
ripeness
temperature of the grapes at harvest
wine making method
length of maceration
oxygen exposure
soil type

42
Q

What colour of rosé wine would Syrah make?

A

pink

43
Q

What colour of rosé wine would Mourvèdre make?

A

Pink

44
Q

What colour of rosé wine would Tibouren make?

A

Salmon

45
Q

What acidity levels would lead to a rosé wine more salmon in colour?

A

Lower acidity

46
Q

What affect would higher acidity have on the colour of a rosé wine?

A

it would be more pink

47
Q

Which soils would make a rosé wine more orange in colour?

A

Volcanic

48
Q

Which Provencale ACs mandate oak ageing for their red wines?

A

Côtes de Provence - Frejus
Bandol AC
Palette AC

49
Q

What is a flûte a Corset?

A

A traditional Provencale bottle shape with a pinch in the middle

50
Q

What is the French name for a skittle bottle shape?

A

Quille

51
Q

What is the largest Provencale AC?

A

Côtes de Provence

52
Q

How many DGCs does Côtes de Provence have?

A

5

53
Q

What is a vin de soif?

A

Crisp, refreshing wine designed to be drunk as an aperitif

54
Q

What is a vin de Gastronomique?

A

Wines designed to enjoy with food

55
Q

What is a vin de garde?

A

Wines designed for ageing

56
Q

What Côtes de Provence DGC can made white wines under the DGC designation?

A

La Londe

57
Q

What Côtes de Provence DGC can made red wines using carbonic maceration?

A

Sainte-Victoire

58
Q

What AC must white wines be bottled using if from most of the Côtes de Provence DGCs?

A

Côtes de Provence (no DGC)

59
Q

What is the minimum number of red grapes that must be used in Côtes de Provence AC reds and rosés?

A

2

60
Q

True or False. Cótes de Provence rosé can contain up to 20% white grapes

A

True

61
Q

When was the Côtes de Provence Cru Classé classification established?

A

1955

62
Q

How many estates are currently designated as Côtes de Provence Cru Classé?

A

18

63
Q

True or False - the Côtes de Provence Cru Classé designation applies to the estate not the wine

A

True

64
Q

True or False - a Côtes de Provence Cru Classé cannot expand its vineyard area and keep the classification

A

True

65
Q

Which Côtes de Provence DGCs require their red wines to be aged for the longest?

A

Frejus
Pierrefeu

66
Q

Which is the second largest AOC in Provence?

A

Coteaux d’Aix en Provence

67
Q

What is the dominant white grape found in Coteaux d’Aix en Provence

A

Vermentino (Rolle)

68
Q

What are the dominant red grapes found in Coteaux d’Aix en Provence

A

Grenache
Syrah
Moutvedre

69
Q

What soils are found in Coteaux Varois en Provence?

A

Chalky clay

70
Q

What is the primary white grape of Coteaux Varois en Provence

A

Blend must be 30% Vermentino

71
Q

Which Provencale AC produces more white than red or rosé

A

Cassis

72
Q

What is the primary white grape of Cassis AC?

A

Marsanne

73
Q

What is the typical blending grape of white Cassis AC?

A

Clairette

74
Q

What are restanques?

A

low man made walls supporting vineyard terraces in Bandol AC

75
Q

What is the primary grape of Red Bandol AC?

A

Mourvèdre

76
Q

What is the primary white grape of Bandol AC?

A

Clairette

77
Q

Which Provencale AC is 100% organic?

A

Les Baux-de-Provence AC

78
Q

What is the primary soil type found in Les Baux-de-Provence?

A

Limestone

79
Q

What are the primary wine styles of Les Baux-de-Provence AC

A

Red and rosé

80
Q

What is the smallest AC in Provence?

A

Palette AC

81
Q

Which estate is responsible for over 50% of Palette AC’s production?

A

Château Simone

82
Q

What is vin cuit?

A

Cooked grape must (10 hours over an open fire)
The fermented in barrel over 1 year
Drunk on Christmas Eve

83
Q

Which is the most easterly of the Provence AOCs?

A

Bellet

84
Q

Which is the only Provence AOC that allows the use of Chardonnay?

A

Bellet

85
Q

Which is the most northerly of the Provence AOCs?

A

Pierrevert

86
Q

What is the climate of Pierrevert AOC?

A

Mediterranean with Alpine influences

87
Q

Which is the major IGP found in Provence?

A

Mediterranée IGP

88
Q

Which areas share Mediterranée IGP with Provence?

A

Rhône Valley
Corsica

89
Q

What are the primary red grapes of Bellet AC

A

Braquet Noir
Fuella Nera

French Wine Scholar (21 decks)

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