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French Wine Scholar > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

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1
Q

What event forged ties with England in the 1152?

A

Marriage of Eleanor and Henry Plantagenet

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2
Q

True or false: Bordeaux wine trade was dominated by the church in the Middle Ages?

A

False - the trade was secular and commercial

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3
Q

Why didn’t the Napoleonic inheritance laws affect Bordeaux as much as other areas of France?

A

The Bordelaise focussed on selling shares in their estates rather than dividing the land

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4
Q

What did Joseph Capus introduce to the French wine industry

A

The AC system

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5
Q

Bordeaux is France’s largest AOC vineyard area - True or False?

A

True

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6
Q

What are petit Chateaux?

A

Unranked wine estates in Bordeaux

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7
Q

What was the first golden age of Bordeaux?

A

The period following the marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Henry Plantagent and the commercial trade with England

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8
Q

When did the Dutch drain the Medoc?

A

1600s

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9
Q

What created the second golden age of Bordeaux wine?

A

The commercial trade with the Netherlands and England during the 1700s

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10
Q

What was the first recognised Bordeaux Chateau?

A

Haut-Brion

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11
Q

What created the third golden age for Bordeaux?

A

Robert Parker’s promotion and scoring of the wines in 1982

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12
Q

Who proposed the creation of second wines to the Bordeaux Chateaux?

A

Emile Peynaud

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13
Q

What caused the widespread replacement of Malbec with Merlot?

A

The winter freeze of 1956

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14
Q

What caused the shift from white wine production to red in Bordeaux?

A

The winter freeze of 1956

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15
Q

What is a grand vin?

A

The highest quality wine from a chateau

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16
Q

True or false. The majority of Bordeaux production is consumed in France?

A

True - 56%

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17
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Maritime

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18
Q

What factors moderate the climate in Bordeaux?

A

Gulf Stream
Landes Forest

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19
Q

What is the primary type of soil in Bordeaux

A

Sedimentary

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20
Q

What is the highest AC in Bordeaux

A

Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux

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21
Q

What are the new red grape varieties permitted in Bordeaux since 2021

A

Arinarnoa
Castets
Marsaelan
Touruga Nacional

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22
Q

What are the two new white varieties permitted in Bordeaux since 2021

A

Alvarino
Liliorila

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23
Q

The 2021 new white varieties can be planted anywhere in Bordeaux. True or False?

A

True

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24
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot

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25
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape variety in Bordeaux?

A

Equal between Semillon and Sauvignon Blanc

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26
Q

What areas of Bordeaux is Cot mostly found?

A

Bourg, Blaye Entre-deux-Mers

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27
Q

The 2021 new red varieties can be planted anywhere in Bordeaux. True or False?

A

True

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28
Q

What is Taille Medocaine?

A

A vine training method similar to double Guyot but with shorter canes

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29
Q

What are the primary training methods used in Bordeaux?

A

Single & Double Guyot
Taille Medocaine

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30
Q

What does the Haute Valeur Environmental award mean?

A

The estate follows high environmental practices such as biodiversity, judicious agrochemical use and careful water management

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31
Q

What is a tris?

A

Pass through the vineyard to pick botrytis affected grapes

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32
Q

The use of delestage is reducing in Bordeaux. True or False

A

True. Pigeage and Remontage is now more common

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33
Q

What wine is Bordeaux would be pink?

A

Rosé

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34
Q

What wine in Bordeaux is light red?

A

Clairet

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35
Q

How many regional ACs does Bordeaux have?

A

3
Bordeaux
Bordeaux Superior
Cremant de Bordeaux

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36
Q

What wine styles can be made using the Bordeaux AC designation?

A

Dry white
Rosé
Red
Light Red (Clairet)
Semi-Sweet white

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37
Q

What wine styles can be made under the Bordeaux Superior AC designation?

A

Red and semi-sweet white only

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38
Q

What white grape variety cannot be used in semi-sweet whites in Bordeaux AC?

A

Alvarinho

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39
Q

What distinguishes Bordeaux superior from Bordeaux AC

A

Tighter production standards
Lower maximum yields
high minimum alcohol level
Must be estate bottled

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40
Q

Cremant de Bordeaux can be white or rosé. True or false

A

True
If rosé it can only be made from red varieties

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41
Q

True or false. White wine can be made in all the Medoc ACs

A

False. No white wine can be labelled with any Medoc AC

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42
Q

What’s the predominant soil type in Medoc AC?

A

Clay and limestone

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43
Q

What is the predominant soil type in Haut-Medoc AC?

A

Gravel

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44
Q

Which Medoc commune AC has a higher percentage of clay than the others

A

St-Estephe

45
Q

Which Medoc commune AC has the highest number of classified chateaux?

A

Paulliac

46
Q

Which is the most southerly of the Medoc commune ACs?

A

Margaux

47
Q

What is the predominant grape found in Listrac-Medoc AC?

A

Merlot

48
Q

What is the predominant grape found in Moulis-Medoc AC?

A

Merlot

49
Q

Which is the furthest north Listrac or Moulis?

A

Listrac

50
Q

Where were the first Bordeaux vineyards planted?

A

In the Graves

51
Q

What wine styles can be made in Graves AC?

A

Dry white and red

52
Q

What the predominant wine style of Graves AC?

A

Red - 85% of production

53
Q

What wines styles can be produced in Graves Superior AC?

A

Semi-Sweet white only

54
Q

What wine styles can be made in Pessac-Leognan AC?

A

Dry white and red

55
Q

What causes the ideal conditions for botrytis in the Sauternais?

A

Mists created by the cold waters of the Ciron river meeting the Garonne

56
Q

What ACs may be used by Sauternais Chateaux for their dry red wines?

A

Bordeaux or Bordeaux Superior ACs

57
Q

What ACs may be used by Sauternais Chateaux for their dry white wines?

A

Bordeaux AC

58
Q

What’s the primary grape planted in Sauternes AC?

A

Semillon

59
Q

What’s the primary soil type found in Barsac?

A

Clay/ Limestone

60
Q

Barsac producers may bottle their wines as Sauternes AC. True or false

A

True, but Sauternes cannot bottle their wines as Barsac

61
Q

Which is further north Sauternes or Barsac?

A

Barsac is on the left bank of the Cirons

62
Q

What is the name of the most northerly AC of the Sauternais?

A

Cerons AC

63
Q

Cerons AC can bottle its red wines as Graves AC. True or False?

A

True. It has a higher proportion of gravel soils enabling this

64
Q

What is the predominant grape variety planted in the entre-deux-mers?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

65
Q

Which river separates Graves from Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

The Garrone

66
Q

What wines styles can be made in Entre-Deux-Mers AC?

A

Dry whites only

67
Q

How much of the dry white production in Bordeaux does Entre-Deux-Mers AC account for?

A

25%

68
Q

What wine styles are produced in Cadillac AC?

A

Sweet White

69
Q

What wine styles are produced in Loupiac AC?

A

Sweet White

70
Q

What wine styles are produced in Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AC?

A

Sweet White

71
Q

True or False. Wines labelled Entre-Deux-Mers AC must be a blend?

A

True

72
Q

What is the name of the DGC found in Entre-Deux-Mers AC?

A

Entre-Deux-Mers Haut-Benauge AC

73
Q

What river borders Cadillac, Loupiac and Sainte-Croix-du-Mont ACs?

A

The Garonne

74
Q

Which is considered the most prestigious of the following ACs and why? Cadillac, Loupiac and Sainte-Croix-du-Mont ACs

A

Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AC - it has a higher proportion of gravel soils

75
Q

What river borders Graves de Vayres AC?

A

The Dordogne, but it’s opposite the estuary of the Isle, which deposited the gravel soils

76
Q

What wine styles can be made in Graves de Vayres AC?

A

Dry white, semi-sweet white and red - most of the production is red.

77
Q

What is the principal city on the right bank of the Dordogne?

A

Libourne

78
Q

Which ACs lie on the right bank of the Isle river?

A

Fronsac and Cannon Fronsac ACs

79
Q

What wine styles can be made in the Libournais?

A

All red

80
Q

What can be found in the soils in Pomerol that make them distinctive?

A

The soils are iron rich

81
Q

Which two St-Emilion ACs share the same zone of production?

A

St-Emilion and St-Emilion Grand Cru ACs

82
Q

Which St-Emilion AC has the greatest production?

A

St-Emilion Grand Cru AC- 3 x that of St-Emilion

83
Q

What are the requirements for St-Emiliion Grand Cru AC

A

Lower Yields
Higher minimum alcohol
Bottled at the Chateau
Pass two tastings

84
Q

What is the primary soil type of St-Emilion

A

Limestone and Clay

85
Q

Where can sand be found in St-Emilion?

A

Close to the river

86
Q

Which two chateaux in St-Emilion have “Pomerol” soils?

A

Chateaux Cheval-Blanc and Figac

87
Q

What is the primary wine style of Côtes de Bordeaux AC?

A

Red only

88
Q

How many DGCs does Côtes de Bordeaux have?

A

5

89
Q

Which Côtes de Bordeaux AC DGCs only produce red wine?

A

Cadillac Côtes-de-Bordeaux and Carillon Côtes de Bordeaux

90
Q

Which Côtes de Bordeaux AC DGC can be found on the left bank of the Dordogne?

A

Sainte-Foy Côtes de Bordeaux AC

91
Q

Which Côtes de Bordeaux ACs can make sweet wine?

A

Francs and Sainte-Foy

92
Q

What is the primary wine style of Blaye AC?

A

Red only

93
Q

What wine styles can be made in Blaye AC

A

Dry white and red

94
Q

What Chateaux did the 1855 classification classify?

A

Medoc and Sauternes, but with one chateau from Graves

95
Q

How many levels where there in the 1855 classification for red wines?

A

5

96
Q

How many levels where there in the 1855 classification for sweet wines?

A

3

97
Q

Which is the only wine to have the classification Premier Cru Superieur?

A

Chateau y’quem

98
Q

What are the levels of the Cru Bourgeois classification?

A

Cru Bourgeois
Cru Bourgeois Supérieurs
Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel

99
Q

How often will the Cru Bourgeois classification be reviewed post 2018?

A

Every 5 years

100
Q

How many estates are ranked in the Cru Bourgeois Classification (2020)

A

249

101
Q

How does the Graves classification differ to the 1855 classification?

A

It ranks the wines not the chateaux and red and white wines can be ranked differently

102
Q

How many levels are there in the Graves classification?

A

Just one

103
Q

How many wines are ranked in the Graves Classification?

A

22

104
Q

How many levels are there in the St-Emilion Grand Cru Classé classification?

A

3

105
Q

What are the levels in the St-Emilion Grand Cru Classé classification?

A

Premier Grand Cru Classé A (4)
Premier Grand Cru Classé B (14)
Premier Grand Cru Classe (64)

106
Q

How frequently is the St-Emilion Grand Cru Classé classification revised?

A

10 years

107
Q

How many cru Artisans are there?

A

36

108
Q

What does cru Artisan designation recognise?

A

Boutique wineries

109
Q

What are the requirements to be classified as cru Artisan?

A

Must be in control of the whole production process

French Wine Scholar (21 decks)

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