French Winemaking Terms Flashcards
Debourbage
Settling
Maceration Pelliculaire
White wine skin contact
Manno Proteins
The autolysis product that adds the creamy character to sparkling wines
Bâttonage
Lees stirring
Passerillage
The twisting of the stalk to stop the flow of sap. Used in late harvest wines to desiccate the grapes
Moelleux
semi-sweet
Liquoreux
Sweet, with botytis
What are the requirements for Vin Doux Natural
Grapes must be harvested at min 14.5% potential alcohol
Mutage is 95% neutral grape alcohol
80 - 110 g/l RS
Mutage
Addition of grape spirit to fermenting must, that doesn’t contain any solids
Mutage sur marc
Addition of grape spirit to fermenting must, that contains solids (Marc = pomace)
Bonbonnes
Glass Demi-johns
Rosé de presse
Direct press rosé
Rose de Saignée
Bleeding the red wine juice
Cuvaison Rapide
Warm extraction before pressing for rosé wines
Rosé de maceration
Maceration method like saignée but all the tank is drained
Where is rosé de maceration used?
Tavel
What is vin clair?
Champagne base wine
What is the assemblage in Champagne?
The blending of base wines
What’s the result of assemblage?
The cuvee
Tirage
Bottling
Prise de mousse
2nd fermentation
Elevage sur lattes
ageing of the wine on the lattes
Remuage
Riddling
Pupitres
A-shaped frame used for riddling
Degorgement
Disgorgement
A la volée
Degorgement by hand
Transversage
Transfer of sparkling wine from 75cl bottles to other sizes
Crayère
Chalk cellar in Champagne
Juponé
Mushroom shaped cork from a Champagne bottle
Chevillé
Peg shaped cork from an (aged) Champagne bottle
Pieage
Punching down
Remontage
Pumping over
Delestage
Rack & return
What did Jean-Antoine Chapital invent?
Chapitalisation
What’s is the labelling term for a semi-sweet wine?
Moelleux
What’s the term for a non-boterized sweet wine?
Doux
What is the term for a botrytised sweet wine?
Liquoreux
Which fortification method produces greater tannins and extraction?
Mutage sur marc
What is mutage sur grains?
Equivalent to mutage sur marc
What term describes the addition of neutral grape spirit to fermenting must?
Mutage
What is the term for the addition of grape spirit to macerating/ fermenting must?
Mutage sur marc
What is reductive ageing?
The ageing of wine without significant oxygen contact
What is oxidative ageing?
The ageing of wine with oxygen contact, typically without topping up
What are lattes?
Thin strips of wood used to separate stored champagne bottles in the cellar
Roughly how long does the second fermentation take in Champagne?
c. 30 days
who invented remuage?
Veuve Cliquot
How long does the process of manual remuage take?
3 months
How long does remuage in a gyropalette take?
1 week
What is the driest style of Champagne?
Brut Nature
What style of champagne sits between Brut and Sec?
Extra Sec
What style of Champagne sits between Brut Nature and Brut
Extra Brut
What is the sweetest style of Champagne?
Doux
What is the second sweetest style of Champagne?
Demi-Sec
What’s the typical pressure of Champagne?
6 atms/ bar
What’s the minimum ageing period for NV Champagne?
15 months from the start of the 2nd fermentation
What’s the minimum lees ageing period for NV Champagne?
12 months
What’s the minimum ageing period for Vintage Champagne?
3 years
What’s the minimum lees ageing period for vintage Champagne?
12 months
What’s the minimum lees ageing period for Crémant?
9 months
What’s the typical pressure for Crémant?
6 atms/ bar
What’s the minimum ageing period for Mousseux?
Typically none
What’s the typical pressure for Mousseux?
3 atms/ bar
What’s the typical pressure for pétillant wines?
1 - 2.5 atms/ bar
Do pet nat wines typically have residual sugar
Yes.
Which is the most extractive cap management method?
Delestage (rack and return)
Which is the least extractive cap management method?
Pieage (Punching down)
What’s the effect of a shorter CM vatting time on aromatics.
More prominent aromatics as there’s more CM character
