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Microbiology II > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Virulence factor of E. histolytica that causes flask-shaped colonic ulcerations

A

Cysteine proteases

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2
Q

Diagnostic stage of E. histolytica, Giardia lamblia

A
  1. Trophozoites if diarrhea, 2. Cysts if stool is formed
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3
Q

Most common extraintestinal E. histolytica infection; produces and anchovy paste-like aspirate

A

Amoebic liver abscess

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4
Q

Tx for amoebic cyst carrier state

A

Diloxanide furoate

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5
Q

Tx for symptomatic amoebic disease (colitis, liver abscess)

A

Metronidazole

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6
Q

Flagellate with a “grandfather’s face” morphology and falling leaf motility; causes malabsorption, foul smelling flatus, and steatorrhea, and is the most common cause of backpacker’s diarrhea (drinking water from open sources)

A

Giardia lamblia

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7
Q

Most common cause of severe diarrhea in AIDS patients (CD4

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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8
Q

Only exists as a pear shaped trophozoite; causes foul smelling, greenish frothy vaginal discharge, strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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9
Q

DOC for cryptosporidium parvum

A

Nitazoxanide

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10
Q

DOC for trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

DOC for giardia lamblia

A

Metronidazole

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12
Q

Asexual life cycle (schizogony and gametogony) of plasmodium

A

Man (intermediate host)

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13
Q

Sexual life cycle (sporogony) of plasmodium

A

Mosquito (definitive host)

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14
Q

Vector of disease in malaria

A

Anopheles flavirostris minimus

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15
Q

Schizonts in these strains can remain dormant and become reactivated as hypnozoites; causes recurrence (return after apparent cessation)

A

P. ovale and P. vivax

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16
Q

Schizonts in the blood

A

Merozoites

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17
Q

Confers immunity against malaria

A

RBC defects (G6PD, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia)

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18
Q

Premonition (partial immunity) seen in individuals who recover from __________ malaria

A

P. falciparum

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19
Q

All strains of malaria present with tertian fever except

A

P. malariae (quartan)

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20
Q

Prefers old RBCs

A

P. malariae

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21
Q

Highest parasitemia, banana shaped gametocytes, cerebral malaria, drug resistance

A

P. falciparum

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22
Q

Recrudescence (recurrence after a temporary abatement) occurs in:

A

P. falciparum and P. malariae

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23
Q

Screens for presence of plasmodium organisms

A

Thick smear

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24
Q

Confirms and identifies plasmodium species

A

Thin smear

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25
Schuffner dots: punctate granulations in RBCs
P. ovale, P. vivax
26
Maurer dots: coarse granulations
P. falciparum
27
Ziemann dots: fine dots
P. malariae
28
Durck granulomas
Cerebral malaria
29
Acute renal failure in P. falciparum malaria
Blackwater fever
30
Areas of high malaria endemicity (4)
1. Palawan 2. Kalinga-Apayao 3. Ifugao 4. Agusan del Sur
31
Areas of chloroquine resistance (3)
1. Palawan 2. Davao del Norte 3. Compostela valley
32
Treatment for P. falciparum and P. malariae infections
Chloroquine
33
Treatment for P. vivax and P. ovale infections
Chloroquine + primaquine (to eradicate hypnozoites)
34
Treatment of malaria in pregnant women
Quinidine or quinine
35
Prophylaxis of malaria in pregnant women
Mefloquine
36
Malaria prophylaxis
Doxycycline, malarone
37
Consists of tachyzoites (rapidly dividing) and bradyzoites (slowly multiplying, diagnostic stage); causes heterophil-negative mononucleosis or encephalitis with ring-enhancing lesions
Toxoplasma gondii
38
Hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, intracranial calcifications, abortion or stillbirth
Congenital toxoplasmosis
39
DOC for toxoplasmosis
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
40
Transmitted by the reduviid (triatoma) bug; exists in 4 forms: metacyclic trypomastigote (infective stage) --> trypomastigote (diagnostic stage) --> amastigote (in infected tissues) --> epimastigote (in the reduviid bug)
Trypanosoma cruzi
41
Diagnosed with BMA, muscle biopsy, or xenodiagnosis (allowing a bug to take a bloodmeal from the patient)
Trypanosoma cruzi
42
Periorbital edema (Romana's sign), nodules near bites (chagomas), myocarditis, megacolon, achalasia
Chagas disease
43
DOC for Chagas disease
Nifurtimox
44
Transmitted by the tsetse fly; cyclical fever spike every 2 weeks due to remarkable antigenic variation; can cross the blood brain barrier and cause a demyelinating encephalitis of the ARAS and brainstem
African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei)
45
More rapid and fatal trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
46
East Africa
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
47
West Africa
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
48
Enlargement of the posterior cervical LNs in African sleeping sickness
Winterbottom's sign
49
Hyperesthesia in African sleeping sickness
Kerandel's sign Due to disruption of saltatory AP conduction in neurons
50
Plasma cells with cytoplasmic Ig globules in African sleeping sickness
Mott cells
51
Tx in West African sleeping sickness
Pentamidine (early), Eflornithine (CNS involvement)
52
Tx in East African sleeping sickness
Suramin (early), Melarsoprol (CNS involvement)
53
Most common dinoflagellate causing Red Tide in the Philippines
Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum
54
Shellfish poisoning: generalized paralysis
Saxitoxin
55
Shellfish poisoning: stroke-like lesions
Brevetoxin
56
Shellfish poisoning: diarrhea
Okadaic acid
57
Shellfish poisoning: amnesia
Domoic acid
58
Granulomatous amebic encephalitis, amoebic keratitis in contact lens wearers
Acanthamoeba castellanii
59
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis; contracted intranasally when swimming in contaminated pools or open water
Naegleria fowleri
60
Only ciliated protozoan to cause human disease; cause round based, wide necked intestinal ulcers
Balantidium coli
61
Transmitted by the Ixodes tick; intraerythrocytic ring shaped trophozoites in the form of a Maltese cross
Babesia microti
62
Kala-azar
Leishmania donovani
63
Transmitted by the sand fly; manifests as cutaneous, mucocutaneous or visceral disease; treated with antimony compounds
Leishmania spp.
64
Diarrhea in immunocompromised patients (2)
Cyclospora cayetanensis, Isospora belli

Microbiology II (13 decks)

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