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Microbiology II > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Virulence factor of E. histolytica that causes flask-shaped colonic ulcerations

A

Cysteine proteases

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2
Q

Diagnostic stage of E. histolytica, Giardia lamblia

A
  1. Trophozoites if diarrhea, 2. Cysts if stool is formed
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3
Q

Most common extraintestinal E. histolytica infection; produces and anchovy paste-like aspirate

A

Amoebic liver abscess

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4
Q

Tx for amoebic cyst carrier state

A

Diloxanide furoate

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5
Q

Tx for symptomatic amoebic disease (colitis, liver abscess)

A

Metronidazole

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6
Q

Flagellate with a “grandfather’s face” morphology and falling leaf motility; causes malabsorption, foul smelling flatus, and steatorrhea, and is the most common cause of backpacker’s diarrhea (drinking water from open sources)

A

Giardia lamblia

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7
Q

Most common cause of severe diarrhea in AIDS patients (CD4

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

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8
Q

Only exists as a pear shaped trophozoite; causes foul smelling, greenish frothy vaginal discharge, strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

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9
Q

DOC for cryptosporidium parvum

A

Nitazoxanide

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10
Q

DOC for trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

DOC for giardia lamblia

A

Metronidazole

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12
Q

Asexual life cycle (schizogony and gametogony) of plasmodium

A

Man (intermediate host)

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13
Q

Sexual life cycle (sporogony) of plasmodium

A

Mosquito (definitive host)

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14
Q

Vector of disease in malaria

A

Anopheles flavirostris minimus

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15
Q

Schizonts in these strains can remain dormant and become reactivated as hypnozoites; causes recurrence (return after apparent cessation)

A

P. ovale and P. vivax

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16
Q

Schizonts in the blood

A

Merozoites

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17
Q

Confers immunity against malaria

A

RBC defects (G6PD, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia)

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18
Q

Premonition (partial immunity) seen in individuals who recover from __________ malaria

A

P. falciparum

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19
Q

All strains of malaria present with tertian fever except

A

P. malariae (quartan)

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20
Q

Prefers old RBCs

A

P. malariae

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21
Q

Highest parasitemia, banana shaped gametocytes, cerebral malaria, drug resistance

A

P. falciparum

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22
Q

Recrudescence (recurrence after a temporary abatement) occurs in:

A

P. falciparum and P. malariae

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23
Q

Screens for presence of plasmodium organisms

A

Thick smear

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24
Q

Confirms and identifies plasmodium species

A

Thin smear

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25
Q

Schuffner dots: punctate granulations in RBCs

A

P. ovale, P. vivax

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26
Q

Maurer dots: coarse granulations

A

P. falciparum

27
Q

Ziemann dots: fine dots

A

P. malariae

28
Q

Durck granulomas

A

Cerebral malaria

29
Q

Acute renal failure in P. falciparum malaria

A

Blackwater fever

30
Q

Areas of high malaria endemicity (4)

A
  1. Palawan
  2. Kalinga-Apayao
  3. Ifugao
  4. Agusan del Sur
31
Q

Areas of chloroquine resistance (3)

A
  1. Palawan
  2. Davao del Norte
  3. Compostela valley
32
Q

Treatment for P. falciparum and P. malariae infections

A

Chloroquine

33
Q

Treatment for P. vivax and P. ovale infections

A

Chloroquine + primaquine (to eradicate hypnozoites)

34
Q

Treatment of malaria in pregnant women

A

Quinidine or quinine

35
Q

Prophylaxis of malaria in pregnant women

A

Mefloquine

36
Q

Malaria prophylaxis

A

Doxycycline, malarone

37
Q

Consists of tachyzoites (rapidly dividing) and bradyzoites (slowly multiplying, diagnostic stage); causes heterophil-negative mononucleosis or encephalitis with ring-enhancing lesions

A

Toxoplasma gondii

38
Q

Hydrocephalus, chorioretinitis, hepatosplenomegaly, intracranial calcifications, abortion or stillbirth

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

39
Q

DOC for toxoplasmosis

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

40
Q

Transmitted by the reduviid (triatoma) bug; exists in 4 forms: metacyclic trypomastigote (infective stage) –> trypomastigote (diagnostic stage) –> amastigote (in infected tissues) –> epimastigote (in the reduviid bug)

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

41
Q

Diagnosed with BMA, muscle biopsy, or xenodiagnosis (allowing a bug to take a bloodmeal from the patient)

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

42
Q

Periorbital edema (Romana’s sign), nodules near bites (chagomas), myocarditis, megacolon, achalasia

A

Chagas disease

43
Q

DOC for Chagas disease

A

Nifurtimox

44
Q

Transmitted by the tsetse fly; cyclical fever spike every 2 weeks due to remarkable antigenic variation; can cross the blood brain barrier and cause a demyelinating encephalitis of the ARAS and brainstem

A

African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma brucei)

45
Q

More rapid and fatal trypanosoma brucei

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

46
Q

East Africa

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

47
Q

West Africa

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

48
Q

Enlargement of the posterior cervical LNs in African sleeping sickness

A

Winterbottom’s sign

49
Q

Hyperesthesia in African sleeping sickness

A

Kerandel’s sign

Due to disruption of saltatory AP conduction in neurons

50
Q

Plasma cells with cytoplasmic Ig globules in African sleeping sickness

A

Mott cells

51
Q

Tx in West African sleeping sickness

A

Pentamidine (early), Eflornithine (CNS involvement)

52
Q

Tx in East African sleeping sickness

A

Suramin (early), Melarsoprol (CNS involvement)

53
Q

Most common dinoflagellate causing Red Tide in the Philippines

A

Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum

54
Q

Shellfish poisoning: generalized paralysis

A

Saxitoxin

55
Q

Shellfish poisoning: stroke-like lesions

A

Brevetoxin

56
Q

Shellfish poisoning: diarrhea

A

Okadaic acid

57
Q

Shellfish poisoning: amnesia

A

Domoic acid

58
Q

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis, amoebic keratitis in contact lens wearers

A

Acanthamoeba castellanii

59
Q

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis; contracted intranasally when swimming in contaminated pools or open water

A

Naegleria fowleri

60
Q

Only ciliated protozoan to cause human disease; cause round based, wide necked intestinal ulcers

A

Balantidium coli

61
Q

Transmitted by the Ixodes tick; intraerythrocytic ring shaped trophozoites in the form of a Maltese cross

A

Babesia microti

62
Q

Kala-azar

A

Leishmania donovani

63
Q

Transmitted by the sand fly; manifests as cutaneous, mucocutaneous or visceral disease; treated with antimony compounds

A

Leishmania spp.

64
Q

Diarrhea in immunocompromised patients (2)

A

Cyclospora cayetanensis, Isospora belli

Microbiology II (13 decks)

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