Nematodes (Roundworms) and Arthropods

Question 1

Most common and largest intestinal nematode; causes Loeffler’s syndrome (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) during lung migration, intestinal obstruction and malnutrition

Answer 1

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 2

DOC for Ascariasis, hookworms

Answer 2

Albendazole

Question 3

Hookworms (2)

Answer 3

1. Necator americanus

2. Ancylostoma duodenale

Question 4

Penetrate the skin and cause ground itch and cutaneous larve migrans; eosinophilic pneumonia, mild GIT symptoms and microcytic, hypochromic anemia and hypoalbuminemia

Answer 4

Hookworms (necator americanus, ancylostoma duodenale)

Question 5

Chinese lantern shaped egg; cause diarrhea and rectal prolapse due to increased effort to expel the worms; no lung migration phase

Answer 5

Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)

Question 6

DOC for trichuris trichiura

Answer 6

Mebendazole (no need for systemic effect)

Question 7

“Cosmopolitan worm”; eggs obtained from the perianal area by Graham’s scotch tape technique; causes pruritus ani, enterocolitis, vaginitiss or oxyuriasis (appendicitis)

Answer 7

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

Question 8

DOC for enterobius vermicularis

Answer 8

Pyrantel pamoate

Question 9

Facultative helminth; diagnosed with Harada-Mori culture; can cause larva currens (serpiginous track), duodenitis, asthma, eosinophilic pneumonia, or hyperinfection syndrome

Answer 9

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 10

DOC for Strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 10

Ivermectin

Question 11

Only nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird

Answer 11

Capillaria philippinensis

Question 12

Peanut shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs; lead to severe malabsorption (borborygmus, protein losing enteropathy, hypogammaglobulinemia)

Answer 12

Capillaria philippinensis

Question 13

DOC for Capillaria philippinensis

Answer 13

Albendazole

Question 14

Causative agents of filariasis (2)

Answer 14

1. Wuchereria bancrofti

2. Brugia malayi

Question 15

Widespread, prefers scrotal lymphatics, more severe filariasis, transmitted by culex, aedes, and anopheles mosquitoes

Answer 15

Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 16

Common in southeast Asia, prefers limb lymphatics (elephantiasis), transmitted by mansonia mosquito

Answer 16

Brugia malayi

Question 17

Best time for specimen collection for filariasis

Answer 17

Between 8PM-4AM (nocturnal periodicity)

Question 18

Test that induces filariasis worms to come out for diagnostic sampling

Answer 18

Diethylcarbamazine provocation test

Question 19

Adult worms cause lymphatic obstruction; tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, Meyers-Kouvenaar bodies, hydrocele or elephantiasis, chyluria

Answer 19

Filariasis

Question 20

Endemicity: Bancroftian filariasis (4)

Answer 20

1. Sorsogon
2. Samar
3. Leyte
4. Palawan

All of Mindanao

Question 21

Endemicity: Malayan filariasis

Answer 21

1. Eastern Samar

Question 22

DOC for filariasis

Answer 22

Diethylcarbamazine

Question 23

Transmitted thru undercooked pork; larva are encysted within host derived cells (nurse cell) in muscle cells, causing periorbital edema, hemorrhagic conjunctivae or splinter hemorrhages, myocarditis, respiratory myositis

Answer 23

Trichinella spiralis

Question 24

DOC for trichinella

Answer 24

Thiabendazole

Question 25

Transmitted by female blackfly (Simulium); dermal nodules, hanging groin, lizard skin, river blindness

Answer 25

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 26

Lysis of worms causes inflammatory reaction upon initiation of Ivermectin treatment

Answer 26

Mazzotti reaction

Question 27

Calabar swellings, worms crawling across the conjunctiva, transmitted by the deer or mango fly

Answer 27

Loa loa

Question 28

"serpent of the Israelites"; pruritic painful papule with a live worm in the skin ulcer that must be slowly removed

Answer 28

Dracunculus medinensis

Question 29

Dog ascaris; causes visceral and ocular larva migrans

Answer 29

Toxocara canis

Question 30

Dog and cat hookworm; can only penetrate until the skin (cutaneous larva migrans)

Answer 30

Ancylostoma caninum and brasiliense

Question 31

Most common cause of parasitic/eosinophilic meningitis; transmitted via undercooked seafood

Answer 31

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Question 32

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis

Answer 32

Anisakis simplex

Question 33

Pruritus of scalp or trunk

Answer 33

Pediculus humanus

Question 34

Pruritus of pubic area

Answer 34

Pediculus pubis

Question 35

Pruritic, painful, erythemtous nodules with larva

Answer 35

Dermatobia hominis

Question 36

Pruritic erythematous wheals in constellation

Answer 36

Cimex lectularius (bedbugs)

Question 37

Pruritic erythematous papules with linear tracts

Answer 37

Sarcoptes scabei

Question 38

Ascending paralysis

Answer 38

Dermacentor (ticks)

Question 39

Tx for scabies

Answer 39

Permethrin lotion; sulfur in pregnant patients