Nematodes (Roundworms) and Arthropods Flashcards
Most common and largest intestinal nematode; causes Loeffler’s syndrome (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) during lung migration, intestinal obstruction and malnutrition
Ascaris lumbricoides
DOC for Ascariasis, hookworms
Albendazole
Hookworms (2)
- Necator americanus
2. Ancylostoma duodenale
Penetrate the skin and cause ground itch and cutaneous larve migrans; eosinophilic pneumonia, mild GIT symptoms and microcytic, hypochromic anemia and hypoalbuminemia
Hookworms (necator americanus, ancylostoma duodenale)
Chinese lantern shaped egg; cause diarrhea and rectal prolapse due to increased effort to expel the worms; no lung migration phase
Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
DOC for trichuris trichiura
Mebendazole (no need for systemic effect)
“Cosmopolitan worm”; eggs obtained from the perianal area by Graham’s scotch tape technique; causes pruritus ani, enterocolitis, vaginitiss or oxyuriasis (appendicitis)
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
DOC for enterobius vermicularis
Pyrantel pamoate
Facultative helminth; diagnosed with Harada-Mori culture; can cause larva currens (serpiginous track), duodenitis, asthma, eosinophilic pneumonia, or hyperinfection syndrome
Strongyloides stercoralis
DOC for Strongyloides stercoralis
Ivermectin
Only nematode whose life cycle involves a migratory bird
Capillaria philippinensis
Peanut shaped eggs with flattened bipolar plugs; lead to severe malabsorption (borborygmus, protein losing enteropathy, hypogammaglobulinemia)
Capillaria philippinensis
DOC for Capillaria philippinensis
Albendazole
Causative agents of filariasis (2)
- Wuchereria bancrofti
2. Brugia malayi
Widespread, prefers scrotal lymphatics, more severe filariasis, transmitted by culex, aedes, and anopheles mosquitoes
Wuchereria bancrofti
Common in southeast Asia, prefers limb lymphatics (elephantiasis), transmitted by mansonia mosquito
Brugia malayi
Best time for specimen collection for filariasis
Between 8PM-4AM (nocturnal periodicity)
Test that induces filariasis worms to come out for diagnostic sampling
Diethylcarbamazine provocation test
Adult worms cause lymphatic obstruction; tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, Meyers-Kouvenaar bodies, hydrocele or elephantiasis, chyluria
Filariasis
Endemicity: Bancroftian filariasis (4)
- Sorsogon
- Samar
- Leyte
- Palawan
All of Mindanao
Endemicity: Malayan filariasis
- Eastern Samar
DOC for filariasis
Diethylcarbamazine
Transmitted thru undercooked pork; larva are encysted within host derived cells (nurse cell) in muscle cells, causing periorbital edema, hemorrhagic conjunctivae or splinter hemorrhages, myocarditis, respiratory myositis
Trichinella spiralis
DOC for trichinella
Thiabendazole
Transmitted by female blackfly (Simulium); dermal nodules, hanging groin, lizard skin, river blindness
Onchocerca volvulus
Lysis of worms causes inflammatory reaction upon initiation of Ivermectin treatment
Mazzotti reaction
Calabar swellings, worms crawling across the conjunctiva, transmitted by the deer or mango fly
Loa loa
“serpent of the Israelites”; pruritic painful papule with a live worm in the skin ulcer that must be slowly removed
Dracunculus medinensis
Dog ascaris; causes visceral and ocular larva migrans
Toxocara canis
Dog and cat hookworm; can only penetrate until the skin (cutaneous larva migrans)
Ancylostoma caninum and brasiliense
Most common cause of parasitic/eosinophilic meningitis; transmitted via undercooked seafood
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Anisakis simplex
Pruritus of scalp or trunk
Pediculus humanus
Pruritus of pubic area
Pediculus pubis
Pruritic, painful, erythemtous nodules with larva
Dermatobia hominis
Pruritic erythematous wheals in constellation
Cimex lectularius (bedbugs)
Pruritic erythematous papules with linear tracts
Sarcoptes scabei
Ascending paralysis
Dermacentor (ticks)
Tx for scabies
Permethrin lotion; sulfur in pregnant patients
