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BVSc2 AD1 > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of pathogenicity?

A

the potential capacity of a particular species of microorganism to cause disease

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2
Q

whats the definition of virulence?

A

the degree of pathogenicity within a group

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3
Q

What is the feeding stage of coccidia protozoa called?

A

trophozoite

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4
Q

what is the multiplication stage of coccidia protozoa called?

A

Schizogony

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5
Q

What is the major species of coccidia which affects poultry?

A

Eimeria

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6
Q

How is the host infected with eimeria?

A

Ingesting sporulated oocytes

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7
Q

What does eimeria cause?

A

inflammation and haemorrhage of caecum

Bloody diarrhoea

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8
Q

What main protozoa is a zoonotic disease?

A

Cryptosporidium

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9
Q

What does cryptosporidium develop in?

A

schizonts in the brush border of the stomach

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10
Q

What type of life cycle is eimeria and crypto?

A

Direct life cycle

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11
Q

What does an indirect life cycle require?

A

a definitive and intermediate host

sexual stage occurs in difinitive host

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12
Q

What species does toxoplasma gondii affect?

A

most animals

cats are the definitive host

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13
Q

What problems does toxoplasmosis cause?

A

abortion and foetal abnormality

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14
Q

What is the toxoplasma gondii life cycle?

A 
intermediate host life cycle
cat eats intermediate host
sheds unsporulated oocytes over 1-2 weeks
oocytes sporulate and become infectious
intermediate host ingests oocytes
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15
Q

How does toxoplasma gondii develop in the intermediate host?

A

Tachyzoites - acute stage of tissue infection

Bradyzoites - slow development in cycts

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16
Q

What are bradyzoites?

A

Slow growing
comma shaped
found in cysts in muscles/brain
causes chronic toxoplasmosis

17
Q

What are trophozoites?

A

Multiply asexually in cells
feed
move around in blood

18
Q

What is the definitive host and intermediate host of neospora?

A

Dog - young

cows - intermediate

19
Q

What does neospora cause?

A

abortion in cows - intermediate hosts

can cause encephalomyelitis and paralysis in dogs

20
Q

What is the life cycle of neospora?

A 
calves born infected 
abortion occurs
can also be healthy born and become replacement heifers
dogs eat contaminated placenta
dogs release oocytes in faeces
21
Q

What are the hosts of sarcocystitis?

A

Carnivores - definitive

herbivores - intermediate

22
Q

What is the sarcocystitis life cycle?

A

Intermediate host ingests sporulated oocysts
Asexual repro in endothelial cells of intermediate host
Sarcocysts form in muscles
Definitive host eats sarcocysts
sexual repro occurs in lamina propria of gut of definitive host

23
Q

What is transstadial transmission?

A

When a pathogen remains with the vector from one life stage to the next
Ticks cant be a reservoir for disease

24
Q

What is transovarial transmission?

A

Where there is transmission of an infectious agent from parent to offspring
The tick is a reservoir for disease in absence of disease

25
Q

What is babesia?

A

a protozoa that infects red blood cells

causes haemolytic anaemia

26
Q

What vector transmits babesia?

A

Ticks

27
Q

What is enzootic stability?

A

Where there is no clinical disease in calves and a high level of immunity in adults so there is low incidence of clinical disease

28
Q

What causes babesiosis outbreaks to occur?

A

moving naive adults to tick areas
introduce infected cattle to new herd
fluctuations in tick numbers

29
Q

Is leishmania flagellate?

A

Yes

30
Q

What is the vector for leishmania?

A

Sandfly

31
Q

What does leishmania infect?

A

Macrophages

32
Q

WHat are the clinical signs of leishmania?

A

Skin lesions
eye problems, epistaxis, weight loss, lethargy
long incubation period

33
Q

What is the vector for trypanosoma brucei?

A

Tsetse fly

34
Q

Where is trypanosomiasis found?

A

Africa

BVSc2 AD1 (12 decks)

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