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Science Class_6th Grade > Protists_Lesson 13.3 > Flashcards

Protists_Lesson 13.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

appearance is an easy way to…

A

classify organisms

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2
Q

if you classify a dog as an animal because of it’s fur, you are classifying it based on…

A

appearance

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3
Q

if you classify a flower as a plant because of it’s leaves, you are classifying it based on…

A

appearance

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4
Q

specific structures in organisms can help….

A

classify organisms

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5
Q

a plant cell has a cell wall made out of…

A

cellulose

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6
Q

a plant cell has a membrane made out of…

A

flexible fats

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7
Q

define chloroplasts

A

organelles that carry out photosynthesis

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8
Q

chloroplasts are often contained in (1. PLANT or 2. ANIMAL) cells

A

chloroplasts are often contained in PLANT cells

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9
Q

if a cell contains chloroplasts, you can assume it is a (1. PLANT or 2. ANIMAL) cell

A

plant

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10
Q

compared with other types of organisms, in general, protists can be said as being more _______ to classify

A

difficult

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11
Q

define protist

A

a member of a group of eukaryotic organisms, which have a membrane-bound nucleus

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12
Q

members of the protist group share some characteristics with…

A

plants, animals, or fungi

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13
Q

although protist may share some characteristics with plants, animals, or fungi they are NOT…

A

classified with any of these groups

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14
Q

although protists are grouped together, they are diverse and…

A

have different adaptations for movement and finding food

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15
Q

most protists produce…

A

asexually

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16
Q

define asexual reproduction

A

a type of reproduction in which one parent reproduces without a sperm and an egg joining

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17
Q

what does the offspring produced by asexual reproduction look like?

A

it is an exact copy of the parent

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18
Q

although most protists produce asexually, many protists also produce…

A

sexually

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19
Q

offspring produced sexually are _____ different from their parents

A

genetically

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20
Q

sexual reproduction takes ______ time than asexually reproduction

A

more

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21
Q

unlike asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction creates new organisms with…

A

a variety of characteristics

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22
Q

scientists usually classify organisms according to…

A

their similarities

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23
Q

although scientists usually classify organisms according to their similarities, protists are…

A

a unique and diverse classification of organisms

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24
Q

typically, a protist is…

A

any eukaryote that cannot be classified as a plant, an animal, or a fungus

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25
Q

scientists classify protists as…

A

plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike

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26
Q

protists are classified into either plantlike, animal-like, or funguslike based on…

A

which group they most resemble

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27
Q

define photosynthetic

A

relating to or involved in the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water

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28
Q

many photosynthetic algae look like…

A

plants

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29
Q

list characteristics of plantlike protists

A
  • > Make their own food

- > unicellular or multicellular

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30
Q

list characteristics of animal-like protists

A
  • > eat other organisms for food/ consumers

- > mostly microscopic all are and unicellular

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31
Q

list characteristics of funguslike protists

A
  • > break down organic matter for food

- > mostly multicellular

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32
Q

which classification(s) of protists can be multicellular?

A

plantlike and funguslike protists

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33
Q

which classification(s) of protists are only unicellular?

A

animal-like protists

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34
Q

algae are classified as which group of protists?

A

plantlike

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35
Q

paramecium are classified as which group of protists?

A

animal-like

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36
Q

the slime mold is classified as which group of protists?

A

funguslike

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37
Q

seaweed are…

A

algae

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38
Q

define algae

A

plantlike protists that produce food through photosynthesis using light energy and carbon dioxide

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39
Q

most plantlike protists are…

A

microscopic

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40
Q

define diatom

A

a type of plantlike protist with a hard outer wall

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41
Q

diatoms are so common that if you filled a cup with water from the surface of any lake or pond, you would probably collect _______ of them

A

thousands

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42
Q

what can a diatom resemble?

A

colored glass

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43
Q

the word diatom comes from the Greek word _____, and means “cut in two”

A

diatomos

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44
Q

the word diatom comes from the Greek word diatomos, and means…

A

“cut in two”

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45
Q

define dinoflagellate

A

a unicellular plantlike protist that has flagella

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46
Q

define flagella

A

long, tail-like parts that enable organisms

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47
Q

define euglenoid

A

a unicellular plantlike protist with a flagellum at one end of its body

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48
Q

INSTEAD of a cell wall, euglenoids have a rigid, rubbery cell coat called a…

A

pellicle

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49
Q

define pellicle

A

a rigid, rubbery cell coat which covers an organism’s body

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50
Q

euglenoid have eyespots which are used to…

A

detect light and determine where to move

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51
Q

do euglenoid contain chloroplasts?

A

Yes

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52
Q

do euglenoid make their own food?

A

Yes

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53
Q

algae are classified as…

A

red, green, or brown

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54
Q

algae are classified as red, green, or brown depending on…

A

the pigments they contain

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55
Q

some types of red and brown algae can appear similar to…

A

plants

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56
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: red and brown algae do not have a complex organ system for transporting water and nutrients

A

TRUE

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57
Q

instead of roots, some types of red and brown algae have…

A

holdfasts

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58
Q

define holdfasts

A

structures that secrete a chemical-like glue that fastens algae to the rocks at sea floor

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59
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: algae is contained in ice cream, marshmallows, and pudding

A

TRUE

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60
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: algae is a common ingredient in everyday products

A

TRUE

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61
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: algae is a contained in toothpaste, lotions, fertilizers, and some pool filters

A

TRUE

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62
Q

algae can provide food for…

A

animals and animal-like protists

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63
Q

algae can provide shelter for…

A

many aquatic organisms

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64
Q

define kelp forests

A

thick groups of tall brown algae

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65
Q

sea otters and seals come to kelp forests to…

A

eat smaller animals

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66
Q

how are algae beneficial to an ecosystem?

A

by providing food and shelter for animals and animal-like protists

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67
Q

define ecosystem

A

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

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68
Q

algae and other photosynthetic protists can help remove…

A

pollution

69
Q

pollution can be a food source for algae, this can result in the population of algae to…

A

increase quickly

70
Q

algae produce wastes that can _____ other organisms

A

poison

71
Q

when the number of algae increase, the water can appear red or brown. This is called a…

A

red tide or a harmful algal bloom (HAB)

72
Q

what is the more proper name of “red tide?”

A

harmful algal bloom (HAB)

73
Q

red tides can be ______ to aquatic organisms

A

harmful

74
Q

define protozoans

A

protists that resemble tiny animals

75
Q

do protozoans have chloroplasts?

A

NO

76
Q

do protozoans make their own food?

A

NO

77
Q

protozoans are usually…

A

microscopic

78
Q

____ protozoans are unicellular

A

ALL

79
Q

most protozoans live in…

A

wet enviroments

80
Q

define cilia

A

short, hairlike structures that grow on surface of some protists

81
Q

protists that have cilia are called…

A

ciliates

82
Q

define ciliate

A

a protist which possesses cilia

83
Q

cilia cover the _____ of the cell…

A

surface

84
Q

how do cilia move animal-like protist through the water?

A

by beating together

85
Q

a common protozoan with these cilia is the…

A

paramecium

86
Q

define paramecium

A

a protist with cilia and two types of nuclei

87
Q

a paramecium obtains food by…

A

forcing water into a groove on its side

88
Q

what is the first step in a paramecium obtaining food?

A

the groove on a paramecium’s side closes and a food vacuole forms within the cell

89
Q

if the nucleus is the control room, a food vacuole can be described as a…

A

storage area

90
Q

what is the second step in a paramecium obtaining food?

A

food particles are digested and the extra water is forced back out

91
Q

a vacuum can describe how a paramecium obtains…

A

food

92
Q

define dinoflagellates

A

a type of PLANT-LIKE PROTIST which uses one or more flagella to move

93
Q

define flagellates

A

a type of PROTOZOAN which uses one or more flagella to move

94
Q

what do flagellates eats?

A

decaying matter including plants, animals, and other protists

95
Q

dinoflagellates are classified as…

A

plant-like protists

96
Q

flagellates are classified as…

A

protozoans

97
Q

paramecium are classified as…

A

protozoans

98
Q

diatoms are classified as…

A

plant-like protists

99
Q

euglenoids are classified as…

A

plant-like protists

100
Q

protozoans are classified as…

A

animal-like protists

101
Q

sarcodines have no specific…

A

shape

102
Q

at rest, a sarcodine can resemble a…

A

random cluster of cytoplasm, or cellular material

103
Q

sarcodines are classified as…

A

protozoans

104
Q

sarcodines move over mud and rocks by…

A

sliding

105
Q

sarcodines can ooze into…

A

almost any shape

106
Q

define amoeba

A

one common sarcodine with an unusual adaptation for movement and getting nutrients

107
Q

an amoeba moves by using a…

A

pseudopod

108
Q

define pseudopod

A

a temporary “foot” that forms as the organism pushes part of its body outward

109
Q

when an amoeba moves, what does it do first?

A

first, it stretches out a pseudopod

110
Q

when an amoeba moves, what does it do second?

A

second, it pulls the rest of its body up into the pseudopod

111
Q

besides using pseudopods to move, an amoeba uses a pseudopod to…

A

get nutrients

112
Q

why are plant-like protists not considered plantae?

A

because they do not have a complex organ system for transporting food and water and key parts- such as roots

113
Q

why are animal-like protists not considered animalia?

A

because they are unicellular

114
Q

some protozoans can cause disease by acting as…

A

parasites

115
Q

define parasite

A

an organism that lives in or on a host organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other’s expense

116
Q

_______ live inside a host organism and feed of it

A

parasites

117
Q

parasites are able to ________ inside the human body

A

reproduce

118
Q

when parasites reproduce inside the human body, this can cause…

A

serious infection

119
Q

protozoan parasites are responsible for _____ of

human deaths every year

A

millions

120
Q

protozoan parasites that live in human intestines are usually transmitted when…

A

a person consumes contaminated water, or through person-to-person contact

121
Q

protozoan parasite that live in human blood or tissue are usually transmitted through…

A

insect bites

122
Q

human body openings or open wounds allow some protozoan parasites, such as certain types of amoeba, to…

A

enter the body

123
Q

the nose is a…

A

body opening

124
Q

what might happen without organisms that decompose other organisms?

A

plant material and dead animals would build up until the surface of Earth quickly became covered

125
Q

many protozoans are beneficial to an environment because…

A

they break down dead plant and animal matter

126
Q

one matter is decomposed it is then…

A

recycled back into the environment and used by living organisms

127
Q

malaria is a disease caused by…

A

protists

128
Q

what is the first step in how malaria develops and is spread to humans?

A

a mosquito bites a human infected with malaria and takes in blood containing parasitic plasmodia

129
Q

what is the second step in how malaria develops and is spread to humans?

A

the mosquito transfers parasites to an uninfected human when it bites hum or her

130
Q

what is the third step in how malaria develops and is spread to humans?

A

parasites enter the human’s liver and begin reproducing and maturing

131
Q

what is the fourth step in how malaria develops and is spread to humans?

A

mature parasites move from the liver and infect red blood cells, where they are reproduce again

132
Q

what is the fifth step in how malaria develops and is spread to humans?

A

the infected red blood cells burst, releasing parasites into the bloodstream

133
Q

a small parasitic protozoan called ______ causes malaria

A

plasmodium

134
Q

how can protozoan parasites be harmful to humans?

A

by feeding off host organisms and transmitting diseases by reproducing in the body

135
Q

the body of a slime mold is composed of…

A

cellular material and nuclei floating in a slimy mass

136
Q

how do slime molds get their nutrients?

A

by absorbing nutrients from other organic matter in their environment

137
Q

slime molds come in a variety of…

A

colors and forms

138
Q

slime molds often live on…

A

the surfaces of plants

139
Q

slime molds are classified as…

A

funguslike protists

140
Q

water molds are classified as…

A

funguslike protists

141
Q

water molds lives as a…

A

parasite or feeds on dead organisms

142
Q

water molds often cause…

A

diseases in plants

143
Q

both slime molds and water molds reproduce…

A

sexually AND asexually

144
Q

slime molds and water molds usually reproduce sexually when…

A

environmental conditions are harsh or unfavorable

145
Q

how are funguslike protists beneficial to an environment?

A

they break down dead plant and animal matter, making the nutrients from these dead organisms available for living organisms

146
Q

protists can be both…

A

beneficial and harmful to the environment

147
Q

many funguslike protists ____ and ____ living plants

A

attack and consume

148
Q

the Great Irish Potato Famine resulted from damage by a…

A

funguslike protist

149
Q

in 1845 the water mold from the Great Irish Potato Famine destroyed more than _____ of Ireland’s potato crop

A

half

150
Q

more than __________ people starved as a result of the Great Irish Potato Famine

A

one million

151
Q

algae release ________ into the atmosphere

A

oxygen

152
Q

algae release oxygen into the atmosphere through…

A

photosynthesis

153
Q

most of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere comes from photosynthesis that occurs in…

A

algae, plants, and some bacteria

154
Q

algae is _____ for many organisms, including humans

A

food

155
Q

besides food, algae can provide something very valuable-

A

oil

156
Q

microalgae is another type of protist that is very ______ and _______ very quickly

A

very SMALL and REPRODUCES very quickly

157
Q

the total mass of some microalgae can _____ several times a day

A

double

158
Q

more than half of microalgae’s mass is…

A

fats or also called lipids

159
Q

lipids store…

A

energy

160
Q

one type of lipid, called _______, can be turned into diesel oil, gasoline, and jet fuel

A

triglycerides

161
Q

microalgae can grow both…

A

indoors under light in bioreactors and outdoors

162
Q

in ponds, microalgae can produce 100 times more ___ than any other crop

A

oil

163
Q

define photobioreactor

A

a tank filled with water and nutrients

164
Q

photosynthesis requires ______ ______

A

carbon dioxide

165
Q

instead of releasing carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere, power plants can pump it into…

A

photobioreactors for microalgae to use

166
Q

microalgae can grow in water that is ___ to drink

A

unsafe

167
Q

using photobioreactors, microalgae can grow in areas, such as deserts, where it is not ordinarily possible to…

A

grow other crops

168
Q

processing plants are a major source of…

A

algae oil

Science Class_6th Grade (17 decks)

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