Protists Flashcards
Why is the kingdom Protista no longer considered a legit taxon?
Protists are genetically and morphologically closer to plants, animals and fungi than to other protists.
The organisms in most eukaryotic lineages are ______
Protists
Protists exhibit more structural and functional _________ than the eukaryotes with which we are most familar
Diversity
process that gave rise to diversity of protists that exist today
endosymbiosis
relationship between 2 species in which one organism lives inside the cells or cells of another organism
endosymbiosis
Evolved by endosymbiosis of an aerobic prokaryote
Mitochondria
diplomonads, parabasalids, euglenozoans
excavata
dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates, diatoms, brown algae, oomycetes, radiolarians, forams, cercozoans
SAR
Red algae, chlorophytes, charophyceans, land plants
Archaeplastida
Slime molds, gymnamoebas, entamoebas, nucleariids, fungi, choanoflagellates, tubulinids, animals
Unikonta
evolved by endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic cyanobacterium
Plastid
5 supergroups of Eukaryotes
Excavates, Chromalveolates, Rhizarians, Archaeplastida, Unikonts
Belong to a diverse clade that includes predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, mixotrophs and parasites
Euglenozoans
Trypanosoma is what type of eugle
nozoan
kinetoplastid
Main morphological feature that distinguishes euglenozoans
spiral or crystalline structure inside each flagella
2 main types of euglenozoans
kinetoplastids and euglenids
Euglenozoan that causes african sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma
Euglenids are both ____trophic and _____trophic
autotrophic and heterotrophic
Subgroup of SAR that includes some of most important photosynthetic organisms on the planet
Stramenopiles
examples of stramenopiles
diatoms, oomycetes, brown algae
unicellular algae w/ a unique glass-like wall made of silicon dioxide. Found in diatomaceous earth and toothpaste
diatoms
Largest and most complex algae. All are multicellular and most marine
Brown Algae
type of brown algae that is eaten
Laminaria
Type of brown algae that appears on Florida coasts in spring and summer
Sargassum
Oomycete examples
water molds, white rusts, downy mildews
Oomycetes were previously classified as ______
fungi
Oomycetes are ______
Decomposers
Alveolate examples
dinoflagellates, apicomplexans and ciliates
about half of all dinoflagellates are purely _______
heterotrophic
Cause red tide
dinoflagellate blooms
Nearly all are parasitic and feed on animals/humans and must have a host to complete life cycle
Apicomplexans
Causative agent of malaria
Plasmodium falciparum– apicomplexan
large, varied group of protists that use cilia to move and feed
Ciliates
Two nuclei in ciliates
macronuclei
and micronuclei
Micronuclei function in ciliates
function during conjugation- exchange of micronuclei but no reproduction occcurs
many of these are amoebas and move via pseudopodia
rhizarians
3 groups of rhizarians
radiolarians, forams and cercozoans
named for porous shells called tests
foraminiferans (forams)
functions of foram psuedopodia
swimming, test formation and feeding
90% of foarms are from _____
fossils
These protists are the closest relatives of plants
red and green algae
heterotrophic protist acquired a cyanobacterial endosymbiont
how green and red algae was formed
red algae gets its color from
phycoerythrin, masks green of chlorophyll
color of red algae in shallow water
greenish-red
color of red algae in deep water
almost black
largest multicellular red algae
giant brown kelp (seaweed)
multiceullar red algae, commonly used as sushi wraps
Porphyra (nori)
Two groups of green algae
Charophytes and chlorophytes
green algae most closely related to plants
charophytes
two major clads of unikonts
amoebozoans and opisthokonts
Chlorophytes included both ____ and ______ due to sexual and asexual reproduction
Gametophyte and sporophyte
include protists that are closely related to fungi and animals
unikonts
include red and green algae and are closest relative to land plants
archaeplastida
diverse group of protists defined by DNA similarities
Rhizarians
may have originated by secondary endosymbiosis
chromalveolates
include protists with modified mitochondria and protists with unique flagella
excavates
these amoebozoans are symbiotic parasites
entamoeba
many protists are important _____
producers
organism that uses light to convert CO2 to organic compounds, obtain energy from the sun
producer
