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bio 2 > Plant Diversity 2 > Flashcards

Plant Diversity 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

an embryo and nutrients surrounded by protective coat

A

seed

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2
Q

_____ and ______ are key adaptations for life on land

A

seeds and pollen grains

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3
Q

All are common to seed plants

A

reduced gametophytes, heterospory, ovules, pollen

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4
Q

dominant life cycle of mosses and non vascular plants

A

gametophyte

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5
Q

dominant life cycle of fern and seedless plants

A

sporophyte

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6
Q

dominant life cycle of seed plants

A

sporophyte

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7
Q

two major seed plants

A

gymnosperms and angiosperm

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8
Q

Gymnosperm gametophytes are found in _______

A

cones

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9
Q

Angiosperm gametophytes are found in _____

A

flowers

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10
Q

Ovulate cone

A

Female gametophytes of gymnosperm

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11
Q

Pollen cone

A

male gametophytes of gymnosperm

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12
Q

Gives rise to female gametophytes

A

megaspores

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13
Q

Gives rise to male gametophytes

A

microspores

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14
Q

Made up of megasporangium, megaspore and one/more protective integuments

A

ovule

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15
Q

Fertalized ovule becomes

A

seed

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16
Q

microspores develop into _____ , contain male gametophytes

A

pollen grains

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17
Q

transfer of pollen from male to female part containing ovules

A

pollination

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18
Q

Two evolutionary advantages of seeds over spores

A
  1. Remain dormant for days to years until favorable conditions
  2. May be transported long distances by wind/animals
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19
Q

have naked seeds

A

gymnosperms (cones)

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20
Q

Two clades of seed plants

A

gymnosperms and angiosperms

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21
Q

cone-bearing gymnosperms

A

conifers

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22
Q

high tolerance to air pollution

A

ginkgo biloba

23
Q

preform year round photosynthesis

A

conifers

24
Q

one of the oldest living organism (conifer)

A

Sequoia

25
Q

Three key features of gymnosperm life cycle are

A

dominance of sporophyte generation, transfer of sperm to ovules by pollen, development of seeds from fertilized ovules

26
Q

seed plants with reproductive structures called flowers and fruits

A

angiosperms

27
Q

Phylum that classifies all angiosperms

A

Anthophyta

28
Q

Angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction

A

Flower

29
Q

modified leaf that encloses the flower

A

septals

30
Q

modified leaf that are brightly colored and attract pollinators

A

Petals

31
Q

Produce pollen on terminal anthers

A

Stamens

32
Q

Consist of ovary containing ovules at the base and a style holding up a stigma, where pollen is recieved

A

Carpels

33
Q

Where pollen is recieved

A

Stigma

34
Q

Produces pollen

A

Anthers

35
Q

Typically consists of mature ovary

A

Fruit

36
Q

Protects seeds and aids in seed dispersal

A

Fruit

37
Q

Female gametophyteof angiosperm

A

embryo sac

38
Q

a pollen grain that lands on a stigma ______, and the ________ of the male gametophyte grows to ovary

A

germinates, pollen tube

39
Q

Occurs when the pollen tube discharges 2 sperm into the female gametophyte within an ovule

A

Double Fertilization

40
Q

Results from second sperm combining with 2 nuclei, food storing

A

endosperm

41
Q

Nourishes developing embryo

A

endosperm

42
Q

Two main groups of angiosperms

A

Monocots and Eudicots

43
Q

Have one cotyledon

A

Monocot

44
Q

Have two cotyledons

A

Eudicot

45
Q

Two important relationships in terrestrial ecosystems

A

Pollination of flowers and transport of seeds by animals

46
Q

NO group of plants is more important to human survival than

A

Seed plants

47
Q

Plants are key sources of food, fuel ____ and _____

A

wood products, medicine

48
Q

Most of our food comes from

A

angiosperms

49
Q

These parts of seed plants are used in medicine

A

secondary compounds

50
Q

Modern crops are products of

A

artificial selection

51
Q

Four phyla of gymnosperms

A

Cycadophyta, Gingkophyta, Gnetophya, Confierophyta

52
Q

Why pollen grains are important adaptation

A

don’t need water for fertilization

53
Q

Destruction of habitat is causing ______ of many plant species

A

extinction

54
Q

% of earth’s species will become extinct within the next 100-200 years

A

50%

bio 2 (9 decks)

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