Fungi

Question 1

Fungi are essential for the well-being of most terrestrial ecosystems because

Answer 1

they break down organic material and recycle vital nutrients

Question 2

Fungi are _____ trophs

Answer 2

Heterotrophs

Question 3

Fungi use _______ to break down a large variety of complex molecules into smaller organic compounds.

Answer 3

enzymes

Question 4

2 most common body structures of Fungi

Answer 4

Multicellular filaments and single cells (yeast)

Question 5

Known as the intermediary between plants and animals

Answer 5

Fungi

Question 6

Diverse lifestyes of Fungi

Answer 6

Decomposers/saphrophytes, parasites, mutualists

Question 7

Morphology of multicellular fungi enhances ability to

Answer 7

absorb nutrients

Question 8

Networks of branched hyphae

Answer 8

Mycelia

Question 9

What are mycelia adapted for

Answer 9

absorption

Question 10

Fungi cell walls are made of _____

Answer 10

Chitin

Question 11

thread-like filaments that make up body of fungi

Answer 11

hyphae

Question 12

Fungi that have hyphae divided into cells/walls by septa

Answer 12

Septate fungi

Question 13

Fungi that lack septa

Answer 13

Coenocytic fungi

Question 14

Penetrate tissues of host/ cause diseases

Answer 14

Haustoria

Question 15

Mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships between fungi and plant roots

Answer 15

Mycorrhizae

Question 16

Reproduction used by Fungi

Answer 16

asexual and sexual

Question 17

Sexual signaling molecules used by Fungi to communicate mating type

Answer 17

Pheromones

Question 18

union of two parent hyphae

Answer 18

Plasmogamy

Question 19

Mycelium where haploid nuclei of each parent fungus coexist before fusing

Answer 19

heterokaryon

Question 20

Haploid nuclei of parent fungi pair off 2 to a cell

Answer 20

Dikaryotic

Question 21

Haploid nuclei fuse, produce diploid cells

Answer 21

Karyogamy

Question 22

Produce haploid spores by mitosis, form visible mycelia

Answer 22

Molds

Question 23

Yeasts reproduce ________

Answer 23

asexually

Question 24

Reproduce asexually by budding

Answer 24

yeasts

Question 25

Mold that decomposes food

Answer 25

Penicillum

Question 26

common yeast

Answer 26

Saccharomyces cervisiae

Question 27

Fungi and animals evolved from a common ____________ unicellular ancestor

Answer 27

flagellated

Question 28

exhibit great diversity of life histories

Answer 28

zygomycetes

Question 29

live in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats

Answer 29

Ascomycetes

Question 30

Commonly called sac fungi

Answer 30

Ascomycetes

Question 31

Morchella esculenta, Tuber melanosporum

Answer 31

Ascomycetes examples

Question 32

Asexual spores in ascomycetes

Answer 32

conidia

Question 33

A model organism with a well studied genome

Answer 33

Neurospora

Question 34

include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi, mutualists and plant parasites

Answer 34

Basidomycetes

Question 35

also called club fungi

Answer 35

Basidomycetes

Question 36

Fungi play key roles in ______ cycling, ________ interactions and _______ welfare

Answer 36

nutrient, ecological, human

Question 37

Fungi are ____________

Answer 37

decomposers

Question 38

Preform essential recycling of chemical elements between the living and nonliving world

Answer 38

Decomposers

Question 39

Fungi form ___________ relationships with many species

Answer 39

mutualistic relationships

Question 40

Live symbiotically in plant roots and important in natural ecosystems and agriculture

Answer 40

Mycorrhizae

Question 41

live inside leaves or other plant parts

Answer 41

endophytes

Question 42

make toxins that deter herbivores and defend against pathogens

Answer 42

endophytes

Question 43

Fungi are found inside digestive systems of

Answer 43

cows and other grazing animals

Question 44

Many species of ___ and _____ use digestive power of fungi

Answer 44

ants and termites

Question 45

symbiotic association between photosynthetic microorganism and a fungus

Answer 45

Lichen

Question 46

Most often an ascomycete

Answer 46

Fungal component of lichen

Question 47

Occupy an inner layer below lichen's surface

Answer 47

algae or cyanobacteria

Question 48

Are important pioneers on new rock and soil surfaces and are pioneer organisms in ecological succession

Answer 48

Lichens

Question 49

About 30% of fungal species are

Answer 49

Parasites/Pathogens

Question 50

General term for fungal infection

Answer 50

Mycosis

Question 51

Genetic research on fungi is leading to applications in ________

Answer 51

Biotechnology

Question 52

Chytridiomycota

Answer 52

flagellated spores

Question 53

Resistant zygosporangium as sexual stage (can go dormant)

Answer 53

Zygomycota

Question 54

Sexual spores born internally in sacs, produce vast number of asexual spores

Answer 54

Ascomycota

Question 55

elaborate fruiting body containing many basidia that produce sexual spores

Answer 55

Basidiomycota

Question 56

Molds produce _______ asexually by ________

Answer 56

spores, mitosis

Question 57

Fungi produce _______ through asexual and sexual life cycles

Answer 57

Spores

Question 58

saclike structure that gives ascomycete its name

Answer 58

ascus

Question 59

primarily found in aquatic environments

Answer 59

chytrids

Question 60

separation of mycelium into fragments that give rise to new mycelium

Answer 60

fragmentation

Question 61

Life cycle of fungi

Answer 61

haplontic life cycle, w/ brief period of diploid period where zygote develops

Question 62

Apothecium

Answer 62

bowl shaped ascocarp

Question 63

Cleistothecium

Answer 63

spherical shaped ascocarp

Question 64

Perithecium

Answer 64

flask shaped ascocarp

Question 65

Reproduce both sexually and asexually

Answer 65

Ascomycetes