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Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi are essential for the well-being of most terrestrial ecosystems because

A

they break down organic material and recycle vital nutrients

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2
Q

Fungi are _____ trophs

A

Heterotrophs

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3
Q

Fungi use _______ to break down a large variety of complex molecules into smaller organic compounds.

A

enzymes

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4
Q

2 most common body structures of Fungi

A

Multicellular filaments and single cells (yeast)

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5
Q

Known as the intermediary between plants and animals

A

Fungi

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6
Q

Diverse lifestyes of Fungi

A

Decomposers/saphrophytes, parasites, mutualists

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7
Q

Morphology of multicellular fungi enhances ability to

A

absorb nutrients

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8
Q

Networks of branched hyphae

A

Mycelia

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9
Q

What are mycelia adapted for

A

absorption

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10
Q

Fungi cell walls are made of _____

A

Chitin

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11
Q

thread-like filaments that make up body of fungi

A

hyphae

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12
Q

Fungi that have hyphae divided into cells/walls by septa

A

Septate fungi

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13
Q

Fungi that lack septa

A

Coenocytic fungi

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14
Q

Penetrate tissues of host/ cause diseases

A

Haustoria

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15
Q

Mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships between fungi and plant roots

A

Mycorrhizae

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16
Q

Reproduction used by Fungi

A

asexual and sexual

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17
Q

Sexual signaling molecules used by Fungi to communicate mating type

A

Pheromones

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18
Q

union of two parent hyphae

A

Plasmogamy

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19
Q

Mycelium where haploid nuclei of each parent fungus coexist before fusing

A

heterokaryon

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20
Q

Haploid nuclei of parent fungi pair off 2 to a cell

A

Dikaryotic

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21
Q

Haploid nuclei fuse, produce diploid cells

A

Karyogamy

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22
Q

Produce haploid spores by mitosis, form visible mycelia

A

Molds

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23
Q

Yeasts reproduce ________

A

asexually

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24
Q

Reproduce asexually by budding

A

yeasts

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25
Q

Mold that decomposes food

A

Penicillum

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26
Q

common yeast

A

Saccharomyces cervisiae

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27
Q

Fungi and animals evolved from a common ____________ unicellular ancestor

A

flagellated

28
Q

exhibit great diversity of life histories

A

zygomycetes

29
Q

live in marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats

A

Ascomycetes

30
Q

Commonly called sac fungi

A

Ascomycetes

31
Q

Morchella esculenta, Tuber melanosporum

A

Ascomycetes examples

32
Q

Asexual spores in ascomycetes

33
Q

A model organism with a well studied genome

A

Neurospora

34
Q

include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi, mutualists and plant parasites

A

Basidomycetes

35
Q

also called club fungi

A

Basidomycetes

36
Q

Fungi play key roles in ______ cycling, ________ interactions and _______ welfare

A

nutrient, ecological, human

37
Q

Fungi are ____________

A

decomposers

38
Q

Preform essential recycling of chemical elements between the living and nonliving world

A

Decomposers

39
Q

Fungi form ___________ relationships with many species

A

mutualistic relationships

40
Q

Live symbiotically in plant roots and important in natural ecosystems and agriculture

A

Mycorrhizae

41
Q

live inside leaves or other plant parts

A

endophytes

42
Q

make toxins that deter herbivores and defend against pathogens

A

endophytes

43
Q

Fungi are found inside digestive systems of

A

cows and other grazing animals

44
Q

Many species of ___ and _____ use digestive power of fungi

A

ants and termites

45
Q

symbiotic association between photosynthetic microorganism and a fungus

46
Q

Most often an ascomycete

A

Fungal component of lichen

47
Q

Occupy an inner layer below lichen’s surface

A

algae or cyanobacteria

48
Q

Are important pioneers on new rock and soil surfaces and are pioneer organisms in ecological succession

49
Q

About 30% of fungal species are

A

Parasites/Pathogens

50
Q

General term for fungal infection

51
Q

Genetic research on fungi is leading to applications in ________

A

Biotechnology

52
Q

Chytridiomycota

A

flagellated spores

53
Q

Resistant zygosporangium as sexual stage (can go dormant)

A

Zygomycota

54
Q

Sexual spores born internally in sacs, produce vast number of asexual spores

A

Ascomycota

55
Q

elaborate fruiting body containing many basidia that produce sexual spores

A

Basidiomycota

56
Q

Molds produce _______ asexually by ________

A

spores, mitosis

57
Q

Fungi produce _______ through asexual and sexual life cycles

58
Q

saclike structure that gives ascomycete its name

59
Q

primarily found in aquatic environments

60
Q

separation of mycelium into fragments that give rise to new mycelium

A

fragmentation

61
Q

Life cycle of fungi

A

haplontic life cycle, w/ brief period of diploid period where zygote develops

62
Q

Apothecium

A

bowl shaped ascocarp

63
Q

Cleistothecium

A

spherical shaped ascocarp

64
Q

Perithecium

A

flask shaped ascocarp

65
Q

Reproduce both sexually and asexually

A

Ascomycetes

bio 2 (9 decks)

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