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bio 2 > Animal Diversity > Flashcards

Animal Diversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers

A

Animals

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2
Q

Nutritional mode of animals

A

heterotrophs

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3
Q

How do animals get nutrients?

A

Ingest their food

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4
Q

Animal cells have______

A

no cell walls

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5
Q

Structural protein that holds up animals bodies

A

collagen

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6
Q

unique to animals

(tissues)

A

Nervous and muscle tissue

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7
Q

How do most animals reproduce?

A

Sexually

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8
Q

Dominant life cycle of animals

A

Diploid stage

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9
Q

Rapid cell division of zygote that occurs after fertilization

A

cleavage

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10
Q

Forms as the result of cleavage

A

Blastula

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11
Q

Stage where gastrula forms

A

Gastrulation

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12
Q

Gastrula is made of different layers of

A

embryonic tissues

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13
Q

Sexually immature and morphologically distinct from the adult

A

Larva

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14
Q

Only animals possess this gene

A

Hox genes

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15
Q

Regulate the development of body form

A

Hox genes

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16
Q

Hox genes provide a wide diversity of

A

animal morphology

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17
Q

May have lived between 675-875 million years ago

A

common ancestor

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18
Q

common ancestor of living animals may. have resembled

A

choanoflagellates, protists

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19
Q

Marks earliest fossil appearance of many major groups of living animals

A

Cambrian Explosion

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20
Q

Possible hypotheses about cause of Cambrian explosion

A

new predator prey relationships, rise in atmospheric oxygen, evolution of Hox gene complex

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21
Q

Animals began making impact on land

A

Mesozoic Era

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22
Q

(Mesozoic era) emerged and became important marine ecological niches

A

coral reefs

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23
Q

These were dominant terrestrial vertebrates in Mesozoic era

A

dinosaurs

24
Q

First mammals emerged

A

Mesozoic era

25
Q

Beginning of this era followed mass extinctions of terrestrial and marine animals

A

Cenozoic era

26
Q

These diversified during Cenozoic

A

Modern mammal orders and insects

27
Q

Set of morphological and developmental traits used to categorize animals by zoologists

A

Body plan

28
Q

Group whose members share key biological features

A

Grade

29
Q

body parts arranged around central axis

A

radial symmetry

30
Q

Two sided symmetry

A

Bilateral symmetry

31
Q

The development of a head

A

Cephalization

32
Q

Three germ layers that give rise to tissues and organs of animal embryo

A

endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm

33
Q

the germ layer covering the embryo’s surface

A

ectoderm

34
Q

the innermost germ layer

A

endoderm

35
Q

endoderm lies this developing digestive tube

A

archenteron

36
Q

Have ectoderm and endoderm

A

Diploblastic animals

37
Q

Have ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm

A

Triploblastic

38
Q

True body cavity

A

Coelom

39
Q

Is derived from mesoderm

A

Coelom

40
Q

Animals that possess a true coelom

A

coelomates

41
Q

Body cavity derived from the mesoderm and endoderm

A

Pseudocoelom

42
Q

Triploblastic animals that posess a pseudocoelom

A

Pseudocoelomates

43
Q

Triploblastic animals that lack a body cavity

A

Acoelomates

44
Q

Cleavage pattern in protostome development

A

spiral and determinate

45
Q

Cleavage pattern in deuterostome development

A

Radial and indeterminate

46
Q

Each cell in the early stages of cleavage retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo

A

Indeterminate cleavage

47
Q

Two phylogenetic hypotheses

A

genetic/molecular camp and morphological/developmental camp

48
Q

All animals share a common

A

Ancestor

49
Q

Clade of animals with true tissues

A

Eumetazoa

50
Q

Most animal phyla belong to this clade

A

Bilateria

51
Q

Two clades of bilaterians

A

deuterostomes and protostomes

52
Q

Shed their exoskeletons by molting

A

Ecdysozoans

53
Q

Ecdysis

A

molting

54
Q

mouth develops before anus

A

Protostome

55
Q

anus develops before mouth

A

Deuterostome

bio 2 (9 decks)

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