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bio 2 > Last Exam Cards > Flashcards

Last Exam Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum includes snails and slugs, oysters and clams, and octopuses and squids

A

Mollusca

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2
Q

are soft bodied animals, but most protected by hard shell

A

Molluscs

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3
Q

all molluscs have same body plan with 3 main parts

A

muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle

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4
Q

Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda

A

4 major classes of molluscs

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5
Q

most distinctive characteristics of gastropods

A

torsion

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6
Q

the animal’s anus and mantle ends up above its head

A

torsion

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7
Q

includes clams, oysters and scallops

A

Bivalves

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8
Q

shell divided into 2 halves

A

bivalves

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9
Q

includes squids, octopi, nautilus

A

Cephalopod

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10
Q

have a closed circulatory system, well developed sense organs and complex brain

A

Cephalopods

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11
Q

bodies made up of series of fused rings

A

Annelids

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12
Q

Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Hirudinea

A

3 classes of Phylum Annelida

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13
Q

named for relatively sparse chaeta, have bristles made of chitin

A

Oligochaetes

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14
Q

include earthworms and variety of aquatic species

A

Oligochaetes

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15
Q

includes leeches

A

Hirudinea

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16
Q

chemical secreted by leeches that prevents blood from coagulating

A

hirudin

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17
Q

the most species rich animal group

A

Ecdysozoans

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18
Q

Are covered by a cuticle coat

A

Ecdysozoans

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19
Q

the process of shedding or molting the cuticle in ecdysozoans

A

ecydis

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20
Q

two largest phyla of ecdysozoans

A

nematodes and arthropods

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21
Q

have an alimentary canal, but lack a circulatory system.

A

nematodes

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22
Q

Members of this phylum are found in nearly all habitats of biosphere

A

Arthropoda

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23
Q

body plan consists of segment body, hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages

A

Arthropod

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24
Q

Arthropods have an open circulatory system with fluid called

A

hemolymph

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25
Q

Cheliceriforms, Myriapods, Hexapods, Crustaceans

A

four major lineages of arthropods

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26
Q

Most modern cheliceriforms are ________

A

arachnids

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27
Q

gas exchange in spiders occurs in

A

book lungs

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28
Q

many spiders produce _____ (a protein)

A

Silk

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29
Q

Millipede class

A

Diplopoda

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30
Q

Centipede class

A

Chilopoda

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31
Q

has more species than all other forms of life combined

A

Hexapoda (insects and relatives)

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32
Q

is one of the great successes of insects

A

Flight

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33
Q

nymphs resemble adults but are smaller and go through series of molts until full size

A

incomplete metamorphosis

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34
Q

have larval stages known as maggot, grub, or caterpillar

A

complete metamorphosis

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35
Q

have branched appendages that are extensively specialized for feeding and locomotion

A

Crustaceans

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36
Q

include terrestrial, freshwater and marine species

A

Isopods

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37
Q

are larger crustaceans and include crabs, lobsters, crayfish and shrimp

A

Decapods

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38
Q

Echinoderms and chordates are ________

A

Deuterostomes

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39
Q

Radial cleavage, formation of mouth at end of embryo opposite blastopore

A

characteristics of deuterstomes

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40
Q

network of hydraulic canals that branch into tube feet, function in feeding, locomotion and gas exchange

A

water vascular system

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41
Q

there are about _______ species of vertebrates

A

52,000

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42
Q

are a subphylum within the phylum Chordata

A

Vertebrates

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43
Q

are bilaterian animals that belong to the clade of animals known as Deuterostomia

A

Chordates

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44
Q

two groups of invertebrates that are more closely related to vertebrates than to other invertebrates

A

urochordates and cephalocordates

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45
Q

notochord, dorsal, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits or clefts, muscular, post anal tail

A

Four key characteristics of chordates

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46
Q

longitudinal, flexible rod between digestive tube and nerve chord

A

notochord

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47
Q

provides skeletal support throughout most of the length of a chordate

A

notochord

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48
Q

grooves of pharynx that develop into slits that open to outside of body

A

pharyngeal clefts

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49
Q

Suspension-feeding structures in many invertebrate chordates, gas exchange in vertebrates (except vertebrates w/ limbs), develop into parts of the ear, head and neck in tetrapods

A

Functions of pharyngeal slits

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50
Q

named for their blade-like shape. Are marine suspension feeders

A

Lancelets

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51
Q

more closely related to other chordates than lancelets. Commonly called sea squirts

A

Tunicates (urochordata)

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52
Q

Juveniles of these have notochord ,not adults

A

Tunicates

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53
Q

Have a cartilaginous skull and axial rod of cartilage derived from notochord but lack jaws and vertebrae

A

Hagfishes

54
Q

vertebrae enclosing a spinal chord, an elaborate skull, fin rays (in aquatic forms)

A

Derived characteristics of vertebrates

55
Q

Represent the oldest living lineage of vertebrates

A

Lampreys

56
Q

jawed vertebrates– outnumber jawless vertebrates

A

Gnathostomes

57
Q

During the Cambrian period _______ evolved into vertebrates

A

Craniates

58
Q

Cranium formation, mandible formation, neural crest, duplicate gene families— some have vertebrates, not all

A

Characteristics of Craniates

59
Q

duplication of hox genes, enlarged forebrain associated w/ enhanced smell and vision, lateral line system sensitive to vibrations (aquatic species)

A

Characteristics of Gnathostomes

60
Q

have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage

A

Chondrichthyans

61
Q

Sharks, rays and skates

A

The largest and most diverse group of Chondrichthyans

62
Q

Have streamlined body and are swift swimmers, are carnivores, have a short digestive tract, have acute senses

A

Characteristics of Most sharks

63
Q

increases digestive surface area in sharks

A

Spiral valve

64
Q

Oviparous, Ovoviviparous, Viviparous

A

Ways shark embryos can develop

65
Q

Reproductive tract, excretory system and digestive system of shark empty into a common

A

Cloaca

66
Q

Includes bony fish and tetrapods

A

Osteichthytes

67
Q

Have bony exoskeleton

A

Osteichthytes

68
Q

Most fish breathe by drawing water over gills protected by

A

Operculum

69
Q

Fish control buoyancy with air sac called

A

swim bladder

70
Q

develops from a plate of ectoderm that rolls into a tube dorsal to the notochord

A

Nerve chord of a chordate embryo

71
Q

develops into the central nervous system: brain and spinal chord

A

nerve chord

72
Q

there are about ________ described species of nematodes

A

25,000

73
Q

there are about ______ described species of arthropods

A

1,000,000

74
Q

molting to accommodate growth (ecdysis), complete digestive system and existence of separate sexes in most species

A

Similarities between nematodes and arthropods

75
Q

are among the most copious animals on the planet

A

nematodes

76
Q

possess only longitudinal muscles, whip-like movements

A

nematodes

77
Q

lack respiratory and circulatory system

A

nematodes

78
Q

have pseudocoel

A

nematodes

79
Q

can be free living or parasitic

A

nematodes

80
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

human round worm (parasitic).

81
Q

Most common nematode found in humans

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

82
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Pinworm (parasitic)

83
Q

Necator americanus

A

hookworm (parasitic)

84
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

trichina worm (parasitic)

85
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

most common worm parasite in US

86
Q

Necator Americanus

A

cause of slow mental and physical growth in infected children

87
Q

The majority of these are insects

A

Arthropods

88
Q

triploblastic and bilaterally symmetrical , with jointed appendages, complete digestive system and open circulatory system

A

arthropods

89
Q

Arthropod exoskeleton is made up of

A

chitin and protein

90
Q

Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Pancrustacea

A

Three clades of arthropoda

91
Q

secreted by epidermis in arthropods

A

exoskeleton of arthropods

92
Q

Arachinida and Meristomata

A

included in the clad chelicerata

93
Q

lack antennae, most have simple eyes, possess small manipulatory appendages

A

Chelicerates

94
Q

have one pair of pedipalps and four pairs of walking legs

A

chelicerates

95
Q

Millipedes and centipedes make up

A

myriapoda

96
Q

diplopoda

A

milipede

97
Q

Chelopoda

A

centipede

98
Q

are carnivorous and prey on insects

A

centipedes

99
Q

are herbivores, feed on decaying plant material and vegetation

A

millipedes

100
Q

one leg pair per trunk segment

A

centipede

101
Q

two leg pairs per trunk segment

A

millipede

102
Q

Some crustaceans are more closely related to _____________ than myriapods

A

land insects

103
Q

includes crustaceans and insects

A

Pancrustacea

104
Q

are the only arthropods with two pairs of antennae

A

Crustaceans

105
Q

crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish and sessile barnacles

A

Crustaceans

106
Q

crabs, lobsters, crayfish and shrimp are known as (10 legs)

A

decapods

107
Q

make up the majority of the known species of arthropods

A

insects

108
Q

three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings on thorax,

A

distinguishing features that set insects apart from arthropods

109
Q

echinoderms and chordates are both __________

A

deuterostome

110
Q

are exclusively marine animals

A

Echinoderms

111
Q

have spiny skin, bilateral symmetry as larvae, radial symmetry as adults

A

Echinoderms

112
Q

aids in locomotion by creating a hydraulic system that propels the animal through water

A

Water vascular system

113
Q

Ateroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea

A

Four main clades of echinodermata

114
Q

tube feet to capture prey, as well as locomotion and respiration

A

Asteroidea

115
Q

true or false: chemical secretions possessing adhesive and de-adhesive are what allow movement in Asteroidea

A

True

116
Q

Most starfish are _______ (pair of gonads in each appendage)

A

Dioecious

117
Q

Fertilization occurs ___________ and happens __________ by regeneration

A

externally, asexually

118
Q

Exhibit autonomy if attacked by predators

A

Brittle stars

119
Q

Have same central disk and radial symmetry, however arms are flexible and separate from central disk

A

Brittle stars

120
Q

Do possess five radially arranged groups of tube feet, however they lack traditional appendages

A

Echinoidea

121
Q

Sea urchins and sand dollars

A

Echinoidea

122
Q

Possess complex jaw apparatus called Aristotle’s landing for feeding

A

Sea urchins

123
Q

maintain radial symmetry and have five pairs of tube feet running from body to mouth

A

Holothuroidea (SEA CUCUMBER)

124
Q

can expel parts of the gut in defense of predators, regenerate lost organs by way of internal cells

A

Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)

125
Q

Urochordata and cephalochordata

A

make up chordates

126
Q

Recent evidence suggests _________ are more closely related to chordates than are lanceletes

A

Urochordates

127
Q

exhibits all four chordate characteristics

A

tunicate (larval stage)

128
Q

exhibits only gill slits and are sessile as adults

A

adult tunicate

129
Q

Exhibit all four chordate characteristics and are filter feeders

A

Lancelets

130
Q

Populations of lancelets can reach more than 5,000 individuals per square meter in this place

A

Tampa Bay

131
Q

are considered chordates but have their own defining character

A

Vertebrata

132
Q

possess a spinal chord (protected by vertebrae), brains are encased in bone or cartilage, neural crest cells arise and give rise to teeth, clavicle, cartilage of skull and other bones.

A

Vertebrata

bio 2 (9 decks)

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