Last Exam Cards Flashcards
1
Q
Phylum includes snails and slugs, oysters and clams, and octopuses and squids
A
Mollusca
2
Q
are soft bodied animals, but most protected by hard shell
A
Molluscs
3
Q
all molluscs have same body plan with 3 main parts
A
muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle
4
Q
Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda
A
4 major classes of molluscs
5
Q
most distinctive characteristics of gastropods
A
torsion
6
Q
the animal’s anus and mantle ends up above its head
A
torsion
7
Q
includes clams, oysters and scallops
A
Bivalves
8
Q
shell divided into 2 halves
A
bivalves
9
Q
includes squids, octopi, nautilus
A
Cephalopod
10
Q
have a closed circulatory system, well developed sense organs and complex brain
A
Cephalopods
11
Q
bodies made up of series of fused rings
A
Annelids
12
Q
Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Hirudinea
A
3 classes of Phylum Annelida
13
Q
named for relatively sparse chaeta, have bristles made of chitin
A
Oligochaetes
14
Q
include earthworms and variety of aquatic species
A
Oligochaetes
15
Q
includes leeches
A
Hirudinea
16
Q
chemical secreted by leeches that prevents blood from coagulating
A
hirudin
17
Q
the most species rich animal group
A
Ecdysozoans
18
Q
Are covered by a cuticle coat
A
Ecdysozoans
19
Q
the process of shedding or molting the cuticle in ecdysozoans
A
ecydis
20
Q
two largest phyla of ecdysozoans
A
nematodes and arthropods
21
Q
have an alimentary canal, but lack a circulatory system.
A
nematodes
22
Q
Members of this phylum are found in nearly all habitats of biosphere
A
Arthropoda
23
Q
body plan consists of segment body, hard exoskeleton, and jointed appendages
A
Arthropod
24
Q
Arthropods have an open circulatory system with fluid called
A
hemolymph
25
Cheliceriforms, Myriapods, Hexapods, Crustaceans
four major lineages of arthropods
26
Most modern cheliceriforms are ________
arachnids
27
gas exchange in spiders occurs in
book lungs
28
many spiders produce _____ (a protein)
Silk
29
Millipede class
Diplopoda
30
Centipede class
Chilopoda
31
has more species than all other forms of life combined
Hexapoda (insects and relatives)
32
is one of the great successes of insects
Flight
33
nymphs resemble adults but are smaller and go through series of molts until full size
incomplete metamorphosis
34
have larval stages known as maggot, grub, or caterpillar
complete metamorphosis
35
have branched appendages that are extensively specialized for feeding and locomotion
Crustaceans
36
include terrestrial, freshwater and marine species
Isopods
37
are larger crustaceans and include crabs, lobsters, crayfish and shrimp
Decapods
38
Echinoderms and chordates are ________
Deuterostomes
39
Radial cleavage, formation of mouth at end of embryo opposite blastopore
characteristics of deuterstomes
40
network of hydraulic canals that branch into tube feet, function in feeding, locomotion and gas exchange
water vascular system
41
there are about _______ species of vertebrates
52,000
42
are a subphylum within the phylum Chordata
Vertebrates
43
are bilaterian animals that belong to the clade of animals known as Deuterostomia
Chordates
44
two groups of invertebrates that are more closely related to vertebrates than to other invertebrates
urochordates and cephalocordates
45
notochord, dorsal, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits or clefts, muscular, post anal tail
Four key characteristics of chordates
46
longitudinal, flexible rod between digestive tube and nerve chord
notochord
47
provides skeletal support throughout most of the length of a chordate
notochord
48
grooves of pharynx that develop into slits that open to outside of body
pharyngeal clefts
49
Suspension-feeding structures in many invertebrate chordates, gas exchange in vertebrates (except vertebrates w/ limbs), develop into parts of the ear, head and neck in tetrapods
Functions of pharyngeal slits
50
named for their blade-like shape. Are marine suspension feeders
Lancelets
51
more closely related to other chordates than lancelets. Commonly called sea squirts
Tunicates (urochordata)
52
Juveniles of these have notochord ,not adults
Tunicates
53
Have a cartilaginous skull and axial rod of cartilage derived from notochord but lack jaws and vertebrae
Hagfishes
54
vertebrae enclosing a spinal chord, an elaborate skull, fin rays (in aquatic forms)
Derived characteristics of vertebrates
55
Represent the oldest living lineage of vertebrates
Lampreys
56
jawed vertebrates-- outnumber jawless vertebrates
Gnathostomes
57
During the Cambrian period _______ evolved into vertebrates
Craniates
58
Cranium formation, mandible formation, neural crest, duplicate gene families--- some have vertebrates, not all
Characteristics of Craniates
59
duplication of hox genes, enlarged forebrain associated w/ enhanced smell and vision, lateral line system sensitive to vibrations (aquatic species)
Characteristics of Gnathostomes
60
have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage
Chondrichthyans
61
Sharks, rays and skates
The largest and most diverse group of Chondrichthyans
62
Have streamlined body and are swift swimmers, are carnivores, have a short digestive tract, have acute senses
Characteristics of Most sharks
63
increases digestive surface area in sharks
Spiral valve
64
Oviparous, Ovoviviparous, Viviparous
Ways shark embryos can develop
65
Reproductive tract, excretory system and digestive system of shark empty into a common
Cloaca
66
Includes bony fish and tetrapods
Osteichthytes
67
Have bony exoskeleton
Osteichthytes
68
Most fish breathe by drawing water over gills protected by
Operculum
69
Fish control buoyancy with air sac called
swim bladder
70
develops from a plate of ectoderm that rolls into a tube dorsal to the notochord
Nerve chord of a chordate embryo
71
develops into the central nervous system: brain and spinal chord
nerve chord
72
there are about ________ described species of nematodes
25,000
73
there are about ______ described species of arthropods
1,000,000
74
molting to accommodate growth (ecdysis), complete digestive system and existence of separate sexes in most species
Similarities between nematodes and arthropods
75
are among the most copious animals on the planet
nematodes
76
possess only longitudinal muscles, whip-like movements
nematodes
77
lack respiratory and circulatory system
nematodes
78
have pseudocoel
nematodes
79
can be free living or parasitic
nematodes
80
Ascaris lumbricoides
human round worm (parasitic).
81
Most common nematode found in humans
Ascaris Lumbricoides
82
Enterobius vermicularis
Pinworm (parasitic)
83
Necator americanus
hookworm (parasitic)
84
Trichinella spiralis
trichina worm (parasitic)
85
Enterobius vermicularis
most common worm parasite in US
86
Necator Americanus
cause of slow mental and physical growth in infected children
87
The majority of these are insects
Arthropods
88
triploblastic and bilaterally symmetrical , with jointed appendages, complete digestive system and open circulatory system
arthropods
89
Arthropod exoskeleton is made up of
chitin and protein
90
Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Pancrustacea
Three clades of arthropoda
91
secreted by epidermis in arthropods
exoskeleton of arthropods
92
Arachinida and Meristomata
included in the clad chelicerata
93
lack antennae, most have simple eyes, possess small manipulatory appendages
Chelicerates
94
have one pair of pedipalps and four pairs of walking legs
chelicerates
95
Millipedes and centipedes make up
myriapoda
96
diplopoda
milipede
97
Chelopoda
centipede
98
are carnivorous and prey on insects
centipedes
99
are herbivores, feed on decaying plant material and vegetation
millipedes
100
one leg pair per trunk segment
centipede
101
two leg pairs per trunk segment
millipede
102
Some crustaceans are more closely related to _____________ than myriapods
land insects
103
includes crustaceans and insects
Pancrustacea
104
are the only arthropods with two pairs of antennae
Crustaceans
105
crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish and sessile barnacles
Crustaceans
106
crabs, lobsters, crayfish and shrimp are known as (10 legs)
decapods
107
make up the majority of the known species of arthropods
insects
108
three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings on thorax,
distinguishing features that set insects apart from arthropods
109
echinoderms and chordates are both __________
deuterostome
110
are exclusively marine animals
Echinoderms
111
have spiny skin, bilateral symmetry as larvae, radial symmetry as adults
Echinoderms
112
aids in locomotion by creating a hydraulic system that propels the animal through water
Water vascular system
113
Ateroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and Holothuroidea
Four main clades of echinodermata
114
tube feet to capture prey, as well as locomotion and respiration
Asteroidea
115
true or false: chemical secretions possessing adhesive and de-adhesive are what allow movement in Asteroidea
True
116
Most starfish are _______ (pair of gonads in each appendage)
Dioecious
117
Fertilization occurs ___________ and happens __________ by regeneration
externally, asexually
118
Exhibit autonomy if attacked by predators
Brittle stars
119
Have same central disk and radial symmetry, however arms are flexible and separate from central disk
Brittle stars
120
Do possess five radially arranged groups of tube feet, however they lack traditional appendages
Echinoidea
121
Sea urchins and sand dollars
Echinoidea
122
Possess complex jaw apparatus called Aristotle's landing for feeding
Sea urchins
123
maintain radial symmetry and have five pairs of tube feet running from body to mouth
Holothuroidea (SEA CUCUMBER)
124
can expel parts of the gut in defense of predators, regenerate lost organs by way of internal cells
Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)
125
Urochordata and cephalochordata
make up chordates
126
Recent evidence suggests _________ are more closely related to chordates than are lanceletes
Urochordates
127
exhibits all four chordate characteristics
tunicate (larval stage)
128
exhibits only gill slits and are sessile as adults
adult tunicate
129
Exhibit all four chordate characteristics and are filter feeders
Lancelets
130
Populations of lancelets can reach more than 5,000 individuals per square meter in this place
Tampa Bay
131
are considered chordates but have their own defining character
Vertebrata
132
possess a spinal chord (protected by vertebrae), brains are encased in bone or cartilage, neural crest cells arise and give rise to teeth, clavicle, cartilage of skull and other bones.
Vertebrata
