Plant Diversity Part 1

Question 1

are the closest relatives of land plants (green algae)

Answer 1

Charophytes

Question 2

NOT descendants of charophytes but _______ a common ancestor

Answer 2

share

Question 3

Advantages of plants moving to land

Answer 3

unfiltered sun, more plentiful CO2, nutrient rich soil and few herbivores or pathogens

Question 4

Challenges of land

Answer 4

scarcity of water, lack of structural support

Question 5

4 key derived traits of plants

Answer 5

alteration of generations, walled spores, multicellular gametangia, apical meristems

Question 6

apical meristems

Answer 6

where stem cells of plant are found

Question 7

gametophyte (2n or N)

Answer 7

haploid

Question 8

What stage is most common for vascular plants?

Answer 8

Sporophyte phase

Question 9

Sporophyte

Answer 9

diploid, but produces haploid spores by meiosis

Question 10

What stage is most common for non-vascular plants?

Answer 10

Gametophyte

Question 11

sporangia

Answer 11

spores produced by sporophyte

Question 12

undergo meiosis to generate haploid spores

Answer 12

sporocytes

Question 13

sporopollenin

Answer 13

found in spore walls, protects against desiccation (drying), makes resistant to harsh environments

Question 14

produce eggs and are site of fertilization

Answer 14

archegonia

Question 15

site of sperm production and release

Answer 15

antheridia

Question 16

growth regions at plant tips (allow plants to sustain continual growth)

Answer 16

apical meristems

Question 17

Nonvascular plants

Answer 17

Bryophytes

Question 18

plants that have vascular tissue

Answer 18

vascular plants

Question 19

two types of vascular plants

Answer 19

Seedless vascular and seed plants

Question 20

two types of seedless vascular plants

Answer 20

lycophytes and pterophytes

Question 21

embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat

Answer 21

seed

Question 22

two clades of seed plants

Answer 22

gymnosperms + angiosperms

Question 23

Naked seed plants (conifers)

Answer 23

gymnosperms

Question 24

flowering plants (monocots and dicots)

Answer 24

angiosperm

Question 25

Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses

Answer 25

3 phyla of Bryophytes

Question 26

Dominant stage of Byrophytes

Answer 26

Gametophytes are dominant

Question 27

Sperm is produced here by mature gametophytes

Answer 27

antheridia

Question 28

Egg is produced here

Answer 28

archegonium

Question 29

form extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material

Answer 29

Peat moss /Sphagnum

Question 30

Important global resevoir of organic carbon

Answer 30

Sphagnum

Question 31

Three characteristics of vascular plants

Answer 31

Life cycles with dominant sporophytes, vascular tissues (xlyem, phloem), well developed true roots and leaves

Question 32

conducts most of the water and minerals and includes dead cells

Answer 32

xylem

Question 33

dead cells

Answer 33

tracheids

Question 34

consists of living cells and distributes nutrients

Answer 34

phloem

Question 35

organs that anchor vascular plants and enable water and nutrient absorption from soil

Answer 35

Roots

Question 36

Organs that increase surface area of vascular plants for capturing more solar energy used for photosynthesis

Answer 36

Leaves

Question 37

Producing one type of spore that develops in bisexual gamete

Answer 37

homosporous

Question 38

Most seedless vascular plants are -------sporous

Answer 38

HOMO

Question 39

Producing megaspores that give rise to female gametophytes and microspores that give rise to male gametophytes

Answer 39

Heterosporous

Question 40

Give rise to female gametophytes

Answer 40

Megaspores

Question 41

Give rise to male gametopytes

Answer 41

Microspores

Question 42

Seedless vascular plant examples

Answer 42

Lycophyte, Pterophyte

Question 43

Increased photosynthesis may have produced

Answer 43

global cooling

Question 44

Decaying plants of carboniferous forests became

Answer 44

coal (fossil fuel)

Question 45

evolved in plants to create thickness

Answer 45

cuticle

Question 46

Flagellated sperm are found in ______

Answer 46

seedless vascular plants