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SBI3UP > protists > Flashcards

protists Flashcards

1
Q

cell count of protists?

A

mostly unicellular, some multicellular

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2
Q

how is climate change affecting protists?

A

acidic waters affect creation of protists’ outer shell -> food chain disruption

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3
Q

how is coral bleaching caused?

A

dinoflagellates on coral lose chlorophyll pigment due to pollution

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4
Q

how are protists classified?

A

by how they obtain nutrition

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5
Q

what are the 3 categories of protists?

A

plant-like (autotrophs), animal-like (heterotrophs), fungi-like (decomposers, heterotrophs)

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6
Q

another name for plant-like protists?

A

protophyta

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7
Q

another name for animal-like protists?

A

protozoa

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8
Q

another name for fungi-like protists?

A

moulds (slime + water)

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9
Q

what is a major characteristic of plant-like protists?

A

contain chlorophyll, photosynthesize

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10
Q

how is algae used in our daily lives?

A

agar products, petroleum, food, fertilizer

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11
Q

what is phytoplankton?

A

unicellular algae that is a source of food for many organisms

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12
Q

how do algal blooms aka red tides occur?

A

conditions for algal growth are favourable

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13
Q

why are algal blooms a problem?

A

deplete water of oxygen and nutrients, other stuff dies

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14
Q

what are the main characteristics of protozoa? (4.5)

A

heterotrophs, multicellular, reproduce via binary fission (usu), most don’t need a host (some parasitic ones still infect animals)

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15
Q

how are animal-like protists characterized? (main + 5)

A

mainly: method of locomotion
also possible: organelles, life cycle, nutrition, parasitic vs not, reproduction

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16
Q

spores are to bacteria as ___ are to protists

A

cysts

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17
Q

what are cysts?

A

dormant protist form, formed in unfavourable conditions

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18
Q

why are some fungi-like protists called slime moulds?

A

they leave a slimy trail behind when they move

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19
Q

where are fungi-like protists typically found?

A

cool, moist environments

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20
Q

how do moulds benefit the environment?

A

create topsoil by recycling dead organic material

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21
Q

what is a pellicle?

A

an outer surface made up of a protein layer

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22
Q

in what protists will you find pellicles?

A

euglenoids

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23
Q

what is metaboly?

A

pellicle strips sliding over one another

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24
Q

what supports the pellicle? (structures)

A

microtubules, spiraled around the cell

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25
Q

what protist is flexible, has 2 flagella and is unicellular (always)?

A

euglenoid

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26
Q

what is an example of a euglenoid?

A

euglena

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27
Q

what protist has a role in algal blooms and bioluminescence?

A

dinoflagellates

28
Q

what protist is seaweed?

A

brown algae

29
Q

what protist has cell walls of opaline silica?

A

diatoms

30
Q

why is red algae red?

A

phycoerythrin

31
Q

which protists are endosymbionts with marine life?

A

dinoflagellates

32
Q

what material is a clear cell wall made of? and where is it found?

A

opaline silica, found in diatoms

33
Q

how do diatoms move?

A

gliding

34
Q

which 3 plant-like protists are unicellular (always)?

A

euglenoid, dinoflagellate, diatom
green algae are mostly unicellular

35
Q

what protist does not have cilia or flagellates?

A

red algae

36
Q

name 2 protists that typically have 2 flagellates

A

euglenoid, green algae

37
Q

which protist has cellulose cell walls?

A

red algae

38
Q

which protist is colonial?

A

green algae

39
Q

what protist category do algae fall into?

A

plant-like

40
Q

what are dinoflagellates?

A

a type of algae

41
Q

what is an example of a ciliate?

A

paramecium

42
Q

what is an example of a radiolarian?

A

radiozoa

43
Q

what is an example of an apicomplexa?

A

plasmodium

44
Q

what’s another name for apicomplexa?

A

sporozoa

45
Q

what animal-like protists are colonial?

A

choanoflagellates

46
Q

name 2 protists that contain opaline silica

A

radiolarians and diatoms

47
Q

structure of a radiolarian?

A

opaline silica skeleton, soft inner capsule

48
Q

where are radiolarians found?

A

upper layer of oceans

49
Q

what animal-like protist is parasitic?

A

apicomplexa

50
Q

what animal-like protist doesn’t have a cell wall (usually)?

A

ciliate

51
Q

how do ciliates move?

A

using the cilia that line its membrane

52
Q

reproduction of apicomplexa

A

sexual or asexual
can release spores that produce asexually

53
Q

what animal-like protist has a collar?

A

choanoflagellate

54
Q

what is the choanoflagellate collar made of?

A

interconnected microvilli at the base of the flagellum

55
Q

name 2 types of fungi-like protists

A

plasmodium slime mould, water mould

56
Q

what is an example of a water mould?

A

oomycota

57
Q

cell count of fungi-like protists?

A

unicellular or multicellular (slime moulds alternate b/w the 2)

58
Q

reproduction of plasmodium slime moulds?

A

sexual in damp conditions, asexual in dry conditions

59
Q

how do slime moulds act in dry conditions?

A

cease feeding, clump together - pseudoplasmodium, asexual reproduction

60
Q

what is a pseudoplasmodium?

A

an aggregation of amoeboid slime mould cells

61
Q

how do slime moulds move?

A

flagella or pseudopods

62
Q

do slime moulds live as single cells or in a group?

A

both…

63
Q

why do water moulds resemble fungi?

A

tube-like structures on their bodies called mycelia

64
Q

how do protists reproduce sexually?

A

conjugation, exchange genetic material through cell membrane

65
Q

what is a sporophyte?

A

diploid organism that produces haploid spores

66
Q

what is a gametophyte?

A

haploid organism that produces haploid sex cells

67
Q

what are gametes?

A

haploid sex cells

SBI3UP (7 decks)

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