fungi Flashcards
name some basic characteristics of fungi (4)
stationary, heterotrophs/decomposers, eukaryotes, chitin cell walls
decomposers…
break down complex substances, can then be used by other organisms
saprophytes…
break down dead stuff, live on dead/decaying matter
how do saprophytes eat?
enzymes secreted into soil/dead organism -> extracellular digestion -> products absorbed
what is extracellular digestion?
when enzymes digest organic material outside of the cell
humus is…
the organic content of soil made of decomposed organic material
what are some typical conditions for decomposition to occur? (4)
warm temperature, enough moisture, SA of decomposing organism is large enough, enough oxygen
how can fungi be harmful?
diseases, rot, agricultural damage, infrastructural damage
how can fungi be helpful?
brewing, baking, antibiotics, consuming, decomposing pollutants, succession of plants
what is the succession of plants?
from no plants to plants yes
are fungi closer to animals or plants?
animals
where is most of the fungi? (structurally)
underground
what is the part of the fungi that is above the ground called?
reproductive structure, fruiting body
what are fungi made out of?
hyphae/mycelium
technically only called mycelium underground but who one cares lmao
what is the cell wall of fungi made out of?
chitin
how are the hyphae of fungi divided?
septa (cell walls) divide them into cell-like compartments
what is each hypha made out of?
long tubes of cytoplasm (and the chitin cell walls)
what are the 2 functions of fungi?
nutrient absorption, reproduction
what is the purpose of mycelia?
nutrient absorption
what fungi has swimming spores?
chytridiomycota
what is ascomycota also called?
sac fungi
what fungi phyla does yeast fall under?
ascomycota
(apparently also basidiomycota though -.-)
what fungi phyla do bread and fruit molds fall under?
zygomycota
what fungi is called soil fungi?
zygomycota (highly questionable)
what category of fungi has many species that are parasitic to insects?
zygomycota
what category of fungi are decomposers?
basidiomycota
what fungi phyla has many species that can cause serious plant diseases?
ascomycota
mushrooms are part of what phyla?
basidiomycota
what fungi phyla can form symbiotic relationships with plants?
basidiomycota
what fungi phyla forms mycorrhizae with plant roots? (entire phyla)
glomeromycota
puffballs and bracket fungi are part of what phyla?
basidiomycota
what is mycorrhizae?
a symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungi
list the 3 ways fungi can reproduce asexually
budding, fragmentation, spores
budding is…
when a baby cell develops from a parent cell, eventually pinching off to form a new individual
fragmentation is…
when a piece of mycelium breaks off from fungi to form a new individual
