Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOS 100 with Muller > Proteins, Lipids, Carbs and Enzymes > Flashcards

Proteins, Lipids, Carbs and Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

What is feedback inhibition?

A

When the product of a pathway prevents too much build of the product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is feedback inhibition important?

A

It provides a means of self-regulating the system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of regulation control the conversation of threonine to isoleucine?

A

allosertic regulation. The final product of this reaction threonine is an allosteric inhibitor of the first enzyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Does the threonine deaminase have both an active and an allosteric site?

A

Yes, it does. The active site is where the substrate threonine binds. The allosteric site is where isoleucine binds to performs feedback inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two ways energy is created in a cell?

A
  1. ) Transfer of high energy electrons

2. ) Transfer of a phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens when a molecule loses an electron?

A

Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens when a molecule gains an electron?

A

reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oxidation is endergonic or exergonic?

A

When something is oxidized the reaction that has occurred is exergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is reduction endergonic of exergonic?

A

When somethings is reduced the reaction that had occurred is endergonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the formula for glucose?

A

C6H12O6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is ATP like rna or dna?

A

It is like DNA because of the OH on both point of the ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

The addition of a phosphate group to a substate during to drive endergonic reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What would causes irreversible changes to an enzyme?

A

They are often the result of changes to the protein’s primary structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does pH alter the secondary and tertiary?

A

Changes in pH alter the hydrogen bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do polymers form?

A

Via condensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do polymers break apart?

A

Via hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the shape of saccharides?

A

A linear ring formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What stabilizes the secondary structure of proteins?

A

Polar interactions between the back bone. The R groups are not involved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What stabilizes the tertiary structures of the protein?

A

interactions between the R groups. This is often called the 3-D protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What bonds the quaternary structure of proteins?

A

relationship among the polypeptide chains are stabilized by r-group interactions, h bonds, ionic interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What must proteins have in order to have a quaternary structure?

A

More than one subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a peptide bond and why does it matter?

A

Holds the backbone of amino acids together.

peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O). This is a dehydration synthesis reaction (also known as a condensation reaction), and usually occurs between amino acids.

23
Q

What causes protein to denature?

A

Changes in environment and chemical interactions can alter protein shape.

Often a non-permanent change. Not at the primary level. It is al alteration in protein folding.

24
Q

When proteins are broken down to amino acids in your stomach and small intestine, we would say that the protein has been:

A

Hydrolyzed

25
Q

Cell membrane integral proteins typically have:

A

Alpha-helices with hydrophobic -R groups

26
Q

Cilia and flagella are

A

A. Function in cellular motility
B. Have a distinct 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
C. Are basically the same thing, only that flagella are fewer in number and longer

27
Q

Which of the following membranes is the most fluid?

A

A membrane composed of unsaturated fats only

Cholesterol makes cells slightly rigid

28
Q

Which of the following structures of a plant cell are involved in the maintenance of turgor pressure?

A

A. Cell Wall B. Central vacuole

29
Q

Which of the organelles is most involved packaging and distribution of proteins?

A

D. Golgi apparatus

30
Q

Increasing the amount of substrate present will increase the rate of a reaction. True or False?

A

This is true until a plateau is reached and the enzyme can’t move any faster. All excess enzyme can play a role in allosteric inhibition.

31
Q

Is it true that only one enzyme substrate can every fit an active site?

A

No, there can also be competitive inhibitors.

32
Q

What does cholesterol do?

A

Without cholesterol, cell membranes would be too fluid, not firm enough, and too permeable to some molecules. In other words, it keeps the membrane from turning to mush.

33
Q

Do prokaryotes engage in cellular respiration?

A

Yes

34
Q

Does the cell wall prevent expansion?

A

No, but it might prevent a cell form bursting.

35
Q

How does pH interfere with a protein’s secondary and tertiary structure?

A

It wrecks the hydrogen bonds

36
Q

What is the only way to change the primary structure of proteins?

A

to break bonds

37
Q

What is a lipid micelles?

A

When phospholipids form themselves into a circle

38
Q

How to fats form?

A

Via a condensation reaction. Also called a dehydration reaction.

39
Q

Do archea have membrane bound organelles?

A

NO!

40
Q

Do archaea have eukaryote like gene structure and ribosomes?

A

Yes!

41
Q

Compare and contrast archaea and eukaryotes?

A

They both have similar type ribosomes and gene like structures, but archaea lack membrane bound organelles

42
Q

Do bacteria have a cell wall?

A

Yes

43
Q

What is the relationship of the nuclear envelop to the er?

A

They are continuous

44
Q

What do microfilament resist?

A

pull

45
Q

What di microtubules resist?

A

push

46
Q

What cytoskeletal component provides tracks for intercellular transport?

A

microtubules

47
Q

What moves cilia and flagella?

A

microtubules

48
Q

What cytoskeletal structure does the following:

  1. ) provide structural reinforcement
  2. ) anchor organelles
  3. ) Kepp nucleus in place
A

Intermediate fibers

49
Q

What motor protein moves along microtubules?

A

kinesin

50
Q

Describes microtubules?

A

Hollow tubes.
They are important in resisting compression
They provides tracks for motor proteins
They both anchor and allow for movement of organelles

51
Q

What are cilia and flagella made of?

A

microtubules

52
Q

Describe the shape of cilia?

A

short, numerous, complex

53
Q

Describe the shape of flagella?

A

longer, fewer and less complex

54
Q

Where is the site of aerobic respiration?

A

the mitochondria

BIOS 100 with Muller (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions