Proteins, Lipids, Carbs and Enzymes

Question 1

What is feedback inhibition?

Answer 1

When the product of a pathway prevents too much build of the product

Question 2

Why is feedback inhibition important?

Answer 2

It provides a means of self-regulating the system.

Question 3

What type of regulation control the conversation of threonine to isoleucine?

Answer 3

allosertic regulation. The final product of this reaction threonine is an allosteric inhibitor of the first enzyme.

Question 4

Does the threonine deaminase have both an active and an allosteric site?

Answer 4

Yes, it does. The active site is where the substrate threonine binds. The allosteric site is where isoleucine binds to performs feedback inhibition

Question 5

What are the two ways energy is created in a cell?

Answer 5

1. ) Transfer of high energy electrons

2. ) Transfer of a phosphate group

Question 6

What happens when a molecule loses an electron?

Answer 6

Oxidation

Question 7

What happens when a molecule gains an electron?

Answer 7

reduction

Question 8

Oxidation is endergonic or exergonic?

Answer 8

When something is oxidized the reaction that has occurred is exergonic

Question 9

Is reduction endergonic of exergonic?

Answer 9

When somethings is reduced the reaction that had occurred is endergonic

Question 10

What is the formula for glucose?

Answer 10

C6H12O6

Question 11

Is ATP like rna or dna?

Answer 11

It is like DNA because of the OH on both point of the ribose

Question 12

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 12

The addition of a phosphate group to a substate during to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 13

What would causes irreversible changes to an enzyme?

Answer 13

They are often the result of changes to the protein’s primary structure.

Question 14

What does pH alter the secondary and tertiary?

Answer 14

Changes in pH alter the hydrogen bonds.

Question 15

How do polymers form?

Answer 15

Via condensation

Question 16

How do polymers break apart?

Answer 16

Via hydrolysis

Question 17

What is the shape of saccharides?

Answer 17

A linear ring formation

Question 18

What stabilizes the secondary structure of proteins?

Answer 18

Polar interactions between the back bone. The R groups are not involved.

Question 19

What stabilizes the tertiary structures of the protein?

Answer 19

interactions between the R groups. This is often called the 3-D protein

Question 20

What bonds the quaternary structure of proteins?

Answer 20

relationship among the polypeptide chains are stabilized by r-group interactions, h bonds, ionic interactions

Question 21

What must proteins have in order to have a quaternary structure?

Answer 21

More than one subunit

Question 22

What is a peptide bond and why does it matter?

Answer 22

Holds the backbone of amino acids together.

peptide bond is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O). This is a dehydration synthesis reaction (also known as a condensation reaction), and usually occurs between amino acids.

Question 23

What causes protein to denature?

Answer 23

Changes in environment and chemical interactions can alter protein shape.

Often a non-permanent change. Not at the primary level. It is al alteration in protein folding.

Question 24

When proteins are broken down to amino acids in your stomach and small intestine, we would say that the protein has been:

Answer 24

Hydrolyzed

Question 25

Cell membrane integral proteins typically have:

Answer 25

Alpha-helices with hydrophobic -R groups

Question 26

Cilia and flagella are

Answer 26

A. Function in cellular motility B. Have a distinct 9+2 arrangement of microtubules C. Are basically the same thing, only that flagella are fewer in number and longer

Question 27

Which of the following membranes is the most fluid?

Answer 27

A membrane composed of unsaturated fats only | Cholesterol makes cells slightly rigid

Question 28

Which of the following structures of a plant cell are involved in the maintenance of turgor pressure?

Answer 28

A. Cell Wall B. Central vacuole

Question 29

Which of the organelles is most involved packaging and distribution of proteins?

Answer 29

D. Golgi apparatus

Question 30

Increasing the amount of substrate present will increase the rate of a reaction. True or False?

Answer 30

This is true until a plateau is reached and the enzyme can't move any faster. All excess enzyme can play a role in allosteric inhibition.

Question 31

Is it true that only one enzyme substrate can every fit an active site?

Answer 31

No, there can also be competitive inhibitors.

Question 32

What does cholesterol do?

Answer 32

Without cholesterol, cell membranes would be too fluid, not firm enough, and too permeable to some molecules. In other words, it keeps the membrane from turning to mush.

Question 33

Do prokaryotes engage in cellular respiration?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

Does the cell wall prevent expansion?

Answer 34

No, but it might prevent a cell form bursting.

Question 35

How does pH interfere with a protein's secondary and tertiary structure?

Answer 35

It wrecks the hydrogen bonds

Question 36

What is the only way to change the primary structure of proteins?

Answer 36

to break bonds

Question 37

What is a lipid micelles?

Answer 37

When phospholipids form themselves into a circle

Question 38

How to fats form?

Answer 38

Via a condensation reaction. Also called a dehydration reaction.

Question 39

Do archea have membrane bound organelles?

Answer 39

NO!

Question 40

Do archaea have eukaryote like gene structure and ribosomes?

Answer 40

Yes!

Question 41

Compare and contrast archaea and eukaryotes?

Answer 41

They both have similar type ribosomes and gene like structures, but archaea lack membrane bound organelles

Question 42

Do bacteria have a cell wall?

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

What is the relationship of the nuclear envelop to the er?

Answer 43

They are continuous

Question 44

What do microfilament resist?

Answer 44

pull

Question 45

What di microtubules resist?

Answer 45

push

Question 46

What cytoskeletal component provides tracks for intercellular transport?

Answer 46

microtubules

Question 47

What moves cilia and flagella?

Answer 47

microtubules

Question 48

What cytoskeletal structure does the following: 1. ) provide structural reinforcement 2. ) anchor organelles 3. ) Kepp nucleus in place

Answer 48

Intermediate fibers

Question 49

What motor protein moves along microtubules?

Answer 49

kinesin

Question 50

Describes microtubules?

Answer 50

Hollow tubes. They are important in resisting compression They provides tracks for motor proteins They both anchor and allow for movement of organelles

Question 51

What are cilia and flagella made of?

Answer 51

microtubules

Question 52

Describe the shape of cilia?

Answer 52

short, numerous, complex

Question 53

Describe the shape of flagella?

Answer 53

longer, fewer and less complex

Question 54

Where is the site of aerobic respiration?

Answer 54

the mitochondria