Development Flashcards
A high concentration of bicoid protein at the opposite ends of a developing Drosophila embryo would result in the development of a _____.
two-headed fly. The head develops where there is a high concentration of bicoid protein.
The bicoid gene product is directly responsible for _____ in a developing Drosophila embryo.
the establishment of the anterior-posterior axis
The concentration gradient of bicoid protein determines the anterior-posterior axis of a developing Drosophila.
Where does the head develop?
Where there is a high concentration of bitcoin protein
What will develop in the region of low bicoid concentration?
The abdomen
What type of gene is the bicoid gene?
It is a egg polarity gene.
What do egg-polarity gene do?
Egg-polarity genes are responsible for establishing the polarity of the egg.
What process produces the gradient of bicoid protein in a fertilized egg?
diffusion. Bicoid protein is produced at the anterior end and diffuses toward the posterior, resulting in a gradient.
The bicoid gene is transcribed by _____.
Nurse cells
What triggers the translation of bicoid mRNA?
fertilization of the egg
Which of the following is not a body segment of the fruit fly embryo?
Antenna
Where is bicoid mRNA translated?
Fertilized egg
What is pattern formation?
It is the development of a multicellular organism’s spatial organization, which is the arrangement of its body in three dimensions.
What is Morphogenesis
Morphogenesis is the development of a multicellular organism’s body shape, or form.
How do cell recognize their position in relation to other cells and the axis of the body?
through molecular signals
What are homeotic genes?
They identify certain segments in a multicellular organism such as the abdomen. This leads to the development of segment specific structures. Another way to talk about it is that homeotic gene are regulatory gene, which code of transcription factors
What are the three major body axes?
The posterior anterior axis; this axis runs from head to tail. Dorsal ventral axis and left to right
What are hox genes?
A gouping of eight homeotic gene no the shame chromosome of a fruit fly became kknown as the homeotic complex or Hox gene. Hox gene now refers to organisms other than Fruit flies.
After segmentation genes have established the body segments, Hox genes trigger the development of segment specific body structures at the correct location
What are master regulator genes?
They establish the anterior posterior axis of organisms
What are gap genes?
Defines the general position of body regions
What are pair-rule genes?
They define segments
What are segment polarity genes?
They define boundaries within segments
What are homeotic genes?
They genes produce products which define each segment.
Name the five-types of regulatory gene in order from least specific to most specific.
Master regulator gene Gap genes Pair-rule genes Segment polarity genes homeotic genes
What are hox genes?
Hox genes regulate the placement of body structures by coding for transcription factors that control the development of segment-specific structures. Individuals with normal Hox genes have a normal physical appearance, whereas individuals with abnormal Hox genes may have an abnormal physical appearance.
