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Biology - Biochemistry > Proteins Front Page > Flashcards

Proteins Front Page Flashcards

1
Q

Basic definition of proteins

A
  • Complex macromolecules made up of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
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2
Q

Functions of Proteins

A
  • They have several roles in a biological system
  • Chemical messengers
  • membrane-bound protein carriers
  • free circulating carriers in blood
  • enzymes
  • external structures
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3
Q

Chemical Messengers
(Protein function)

A
  • circulate and communicate between cells
  • Ex. Insulin
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4
Q

Membrane-bound protein carriers
(Protein function)

A
  • Proteins that are embedded in membranes help in cell transport
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5
Q

Free circulating carriers in blood
(Protein function)

A
  • Ex. Blood pressure, proteins like hemoglobin and albumin
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6
Q

Enzymes
(Protein function)

A
  • Biological catalysts of numerous types
  • help in cellular reactions
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7
Q

External structures
(Protein function)

A
  • Made up of keratin
  • Ex. Hair, feathers, fingernails, horns
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8
Q

Generalized structure of proteins

A
  • Chains of amino acids folded several times, to make up complex structures
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9
Q

How many amino acids are found in the body?

A
  • there are 20 different types found circulating in the body
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10
Q

How many amino acids can be synthesized by the human body?

A

12

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11
Q

How many amino acids must be taken in the diet?

A

8

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12
Q

How many different ‘R’ groups are there?

A

20

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13
Q

Peptide Bonds

A
  • Bonds that form between two adjacent amino acids
  • Between carbon and nitrogen
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14
Q

What is on the left side of a dipeptide molecule?

A

The Amino or ‘N’ terminus

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15
Q

What is on the right side of a dipeptide molecule?

A

The carboxyl or ‘C’ terminus

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16
Q

What’s the link called that links two amino acids together?

A

Peptide link

17
Q

Disulfide Bridges

A
  • Bonds that form between adjacent sulphurs in complex protein molecules
  • Factor accounting for protein shape and organization
18
Q

How do proteins form, step by step

A
  1. Several amino acids join together by peptide links
  2. Polypeptides form from many peptide links
  3. The polypeptides get folded which makes proteins
19
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

Many peptide links

20
Q

What is the strongest folds in proteins?

21
Q

Note about disulfide bridges

A
  • Disulfide bridges form between adjacent Cysteines within a polypeptide
  • therefore allowing strong folds to form, such as what’s found in keratin
22
Q

What does keratin make up?

A
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Horns
  • Hooves

Biology - Biochemistry (18 decks)

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