Membrane Transport - BIO 102 CONTENT

Question 1

Isotonic Solution

Answer 1

• Concentration of water: equal on both sides
• No net movement of water
• No change in the overall cell
• Ideal condition for most living cells

Question 2

Example of an isotonic solution?

Answer 2

Eye drops are often isotonic to tears

Question 3

Hypotonic Solutions

Answer 3

Less solute in the liquid around the cell

Question 4

Hypotonic Solutions: Concentration of Water

Answer 4

Greater on the outside of the cell

Question 5

Hypotonic Solution: Results

Answer 5

• Animal cells swell and burst
• Plant cells get turgid

Question 6

Hypotonic Solution: Net Movement

Answer 6

Net movement of water is into the cell

Question 7

Hypotonic solutions examples

Answer 7

• Why we put flowers in water
• Why pure water is never given by IV

Question 8

Hypertonic Solutions

Answer 8

More solute in liquid around the cell

Question 9

Hypertonic Solutions: Concentration of water

Answer 9

Greater on the inside of the cell

Question 10

Hypertonic Solutions: Net movement

Answer 10

Net movement of water is out of the cell

Question 11

Hypertonic Solutions: Results

Answer 11

• Animal cells shrivel and eventually die
• Plant cells undergo plasmolysis and wilting

Question 12

Hypertonic Solution example

Answer 12

Why you shouldn’t drink seawater

Question 13

Active Transport Definition

Answer 13

• Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
• Against the concentration gradient
• Requires the use of energy (usually ATP)
• Uses membrane proteins similar to facilitated diffusion

Question 14

Cotransport

Answer 14

Coupling the transport of the diffusion of one molecule down its electrochemical gradient with the transport of another molecule against its electrochemical gradient

Question 15

What are the two types of cotransport?

Answer 15

• Symport Transport
• Antiport

Question 16

Symport Transport

Answer 16

• Transported solute moves in the same direction as the gradient of the driving ion

Question 17

Antiport

Answer 17

• Transported solute moves in the opposite direction to the gradient of the driving ion

Question 18

Bulk Transport

Answer 18

• Export or import of large molecules across membranes via vesicles

Question 19

2 types of bulk transport

Answer 19

• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis

Question 20

Endocytosis

Answer 20

• The bulk transport of particles and large molecules of material into a cell

Question 21

3 different types of endocytosis

Answer 21

• Pinocytosis
• Phagocytosis
• Receptor assisted endocytosis

Question 22

Pinocytosis

Answer 22

• “cell drinking”
• Takes in small particles of solute along with a small drop of extracellular fluid when the cell membrane pinches in and forms a vesicle

Question 23

Phagocytosis

Answer 23

• “cell eating”
• Takes in large particles or whole cells by engulfing them
• The cell send out extensions of cytoplasm which surround and engulf the target particles
• Usually involves one cell pursuing another

Question 24

Receptor Assisted Endocytosis

Answer 24

• “Cell dieting”
• Specific molecules attach to membrane receptor proteins
• Receptors are specific for one type of molecule only

Question 25

Exocytosis

Answer 25

• Bulk transport of particles and large molecules out of the cell
• Requires energy

Question 26

How does exocytosis work?

Answer 26

• A vacuole in the cell moves towards the cell membrane and fuses with it, it expels the contents of the vacuole into the extracellular fluid