proteins - but condensed for my first unit test

Question 1

what is an amino acid?
what are proteins?
what is the primary structure?
what bond holds the polypeptide chain in place?
every protein has a _______ order of amino acids:
what is the secondary structure?

Answer 1

• monomers from which proteins are made
• polymers made up of monomer amino acids
• order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
• peptide bond
• different
• causes parts of a protein to either bend into alpha helix shapes or fold into beta pleated sheets. hydrogen bonding holds this structure together. this bonding is found in the C=O of the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the NH of the amine group of another amino acid

Question 2

what is the tertiary structure?
what is the quartenary structure?
what happens if a protein denatures?
what is the importance of the primary structure?
note:
amino acid monomers combine to make a dipeptide under a condensation reaction in which a water molecule is lost

Answer 2

• further folding of the secondary structure where a unique 3d shape is formed. the bonds holding this structure in place are ionic, hydrogen and disulphide bridges found between the r groups of different amino acids
• a protein made up of more than 1 polypeptide chain
• bonds located in the tertiary structure aswell as secondary will break and the unique 3d shape formed in the tertiary structure will be lost
• determines the location of ionic, hydrogen, disulphide bonds and with that determines the unique 3d shape being made

Question 3

what is the colour change with biuret solution?

Answer 3

blue to purple

Question 4

things to know before answering questions
when asked to describe the structure of proteins dont just jump into primary/secondary/tertiary/quartenary
INSTEAD say this first:
- polymer of amino acids
- joined by peptide bonds
- formed by condensation reaction

when asked to describe structure of an enzyme don’t just jump into complementary/bind
- primary structure and the order of amino acids
- giving you a specific tertiaty
- specific a.s shape

Question 5

functions/importance of R groups (4)

Answer 5

• used in bonding ex. ionic, hydrogen, disulphide which occurs in the tertiary structure which allows for further folding and so a unique 3d shape being made
• used in forming active sites that substrates can bind to
• affect solubility
• act as buffers