DNA - for unit test

Question 1

what is the function of DNA?
what shape is the DNA polymer?
what is a nucleotide?
what are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
what is the name for the pentose sugar in DNA?
what are the names of the 4 bases?
what is a polynucleotide?
how is a polynucleotide made?

Answer 1

• codes for the order/sequence of amino acids in the primary structure which will determine the final 3d shape of the protein and so the function of the protein
• double helix
• monomer that makes up DNA
• phosphate group, nitrogenous base, pentose sugar
• deoxyribose
• adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
• polymer of nucleotides
• created via a condensation reaction between the phosphate group and the deoxyribose pentose sugar in which a phosphodiester bond is formed

Question 2

what type of bond is the phosphodiester bond?
why does it need to be that type of bond?
the polynucleotide has something spine-like as muna calls it - whats its name and describe it:
DNA polymers occur in ___
how are the two chains of dna polymers joined?
how is a double helix formed from what we just said?
hydrogen bonds can only form between _______ base _________
based off of last question, why is this needed? (2)
how many hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine?
how many hydrogen bonds between cytosine and guanine?

Answer 2

• a STRONG covalent bond
• so the genetic code isn’t broken down
• sugar phosphate backbone: describes the strong covalent bondS between the phosphate group and the pentose deoxyribose sugar that holds the polymer in place
• pairs
• joined together by hydrogen BONDS between the bases
• twisting the two pairs of POLYMER CHAINS
• complementary base pairing
• to help maintain order of genetic code AND allow identical copies to be made
• 2
• 3

Question 3

how does the structure of DNA relate to its function (5)
what is RNA?
what are its components?
what are the names of the bases this time
note: whole deal of RNA is that its single stranded

Answer 3

• stable structure due to the sugar phosphate backbone and because it’s a double helix
• double stranded allows for replication where one strand is used as a template
• weak hydrogen bonds for easy unzipping of the two strands of the double helix during replication
• complementary base pairing so identical copies can be made
• large molecule to carry lots of information
• short polynucleotide chain
• phosphate group, pentose sugar: ribose, nitrogenous base
• adenine uracil cytosine guanine

Question 4

tRNA is single stranded but folded in the shape that looks like a _____ and is held in place by ________ bonds
what is the function of RNA?

Answer 4

• clover leaf, hydrogen bonds
• copys and transfers the genetic code from the dna in the nucleus to the ribosome. some rna will combine with proteins to form ribosomes

Question 5

why is the proportion of A and T and C and G the same in DNA?
what’s the name for the acid in DNA and what’s the name for the acid in RNA?

Answer 5

• because it’s double stranded
• deoxyribonucleic acid
• ribonucleic acid