enzymes - but condensed for my first unit test

Question 1

what is an enzyme?
why are active sites so specific?
why can enzymes only attach to substrates complementary in shape?
describe how lock and key works: goo
describe induced fit: zombie

Answer 1

• tertiary structure protein that catalyses reactions BY LOWERING ACTIVATION ENERGY
• specific location of bonding in tertiary structure, specific folding, specific 3d shape that’s unique made
• bc of how specific the active site is
• substrate fits into active site of enzyme due to it being complementary in shape
• esc formed
• once formed subtsrate slightly distorts in shape which lowers activation energy
• when it binds active site is induced
• changes shape to mould around substrate
• esc formed
• moulding puts a strain on bonds
• lowers activation energy

Question 2

when looking at effects use the word limiting it basically means whatevrs relevant

why is it when substrate conc increases the rate of reaction increases (U LIKE FOCK)
why would the substrate conc run out or no longer limiting (shell)

why is it when temp increases rate of reaction increases?

why is it when temps gone past optimum rate of reaction decreases (DONT FORGET SAY EVERYTHING)

note: apparently adding H+ and OH- breaks hydrogen bonds

Answer 2

• more esc collsions, more esc
• due to all active sites being filled
• more KE
• more collisions
• more esc
• named bonds broken in tertiary
• folding of the structure changes and so the unique 3d shape changes
• KEY HERE: NO LONGER COMPLEMENTARY
• enzymes denatured
• no esc

Question 3

what sort of shape do competitive inhibitors have to the substrate?
talk about competitive:
what effect does subs conc have on rate of reaction:
talk about non competitive:
what effect does subs conc have on rate of reaction:

Answer 3

• similar
• inhibitor will bind with active site and will block the substrate from binding w active site meaning less ESC formed
• increases subs conc means increased rate of reaction
• binds to enzyme away from active site
• changes the shape of the active site
• substrate no longer complementary and can’t bind
• no esc formed
• no effect