amino acids - the basics

Question 1

what does the general structure of an amino acid look like?

Answer 1

see iphone

Question 2

what is the name of the group on the left?
and the group on the right?

Answer 2

• amine
• carboxyl

Question 3

what does the r group do (3)

Answer 3

• determines how the amino acid interacts
• determines how the amino acid bonds with OTHER amino acids in the polypeptide
• determines the properties of the polypeptide

Question 4

what is a protein?

Answer 4

• polymers made up of monomer amino acids

Question 5

what does a peptide bond do?

Answer 5

• holds the amino acids in a chain in the polypeptide

Question 6

what is the primary structure?

Answer 6

• order of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 7

what is the secondary structure?

Answer 7

• causes parts of a protein molecule to fold into alpha helix shapes or beta pleated sheets

Question 8

what bonds hold the secondary structure?
where are these bonds?

Answer 8

• hydrogen bonds
• C=O groups OF the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the H group of the amine group of another amino acid

Question 9

what is the tertiary structure?
what bonds hold the structure in place?
where are these bonds?
how many sulfurs is needed in disulphide and where must the sulfur be in the amino acid?

Answer 9

• further folding of the secondary structure where a unique 3d shape is formed
• ionic hydrogen and disulphide
• the r groups of 2 different amino acids
• 2 sulphurs, in r group

Question 10

what is the quartenary structure?

Answer 10

• a protein made up of more than 1 polypeptide chain

Question 11

what happens when a protein denatures?
what are the conditions to denature a protein?

Answer 11

• the bonds holding the secondary and tertiatry structure in place break and the unique 3d shape is lost
• too high/low pH and temp

Question 12

what is the importance of the primary structure?

Answer 12

• it determines the location of WHERE ionic, hydrogen and disulphide bonds FORM and in turn results in what unique 3d shape is formed

Question 13

how is a dipeptide made?
how is a dipeptide MADE MADE?
where are condensation reactions made?
how do peptide bonds link?

Answer 13

• when amino acid monomers combine
• through the removal of a water molecule in a condensation reaction
• -OH from the carboxyl group of one amino acid joined with the -H from the amine group of another amino acid
• 2 different amino acids are linked by a new peptide bond from the carbon atom of one amino acid and the nitrogen atom of another

Question 14

how can a peptide bond be broken?
but why tho?

Answer 14

• hydrolysis
• due to the presence of water