carbohydrates

Question 1

what are
monosacchirades
disacchirades
polysacchirades
derived from?
give 3 examples of each
- the invincibles
- lalalalla
- yk this

Answer 1

• monomers
• dimers
• polymers
• glucose
• fructose
• galactose
• maltose
• sucrose
• lactose
• starch
• cellulose
• glycogen

Question 2

what is a carbohydrate as in literally what is it from the name?
what is a general formula for a monosacchirade?
what are the max numbers that that little n can go to?
how many carbons does glucose have and for that what do we call it?
what’s the name that we give glucose, fructose, and galactoser aka the invincibles?
what is an isomer (m&ms)
what do we mean by the fact that they have the same molecular formula, what IS IT? (following the group leader)
all monosacchirades are WHAT TYPE of sugar (again follow the leader)
what’s the name for something that has 3 carbons and 5 carbons similar to how we were on about hexose

Answer 2

• a carbon that’s been hydrated
• (CH20)n
• 3 to 7
• 6, hexose
• isomers
• same MOLECULAR formula but different structural formulas
• all have the formula C6H12O6
• reducing
• triose, pentose

Question 3

what is a monomer?
what is a polymer?
give 3 ex of biological monomers (M.A.N)

Answer 3

• smaller units from which polymers are made
• made from many monomers joined together by condensation reactions
• monosacchirades, amino acids, nucleotides

Question 4

name the bond that forms via the condensation reaction in which a disacchirade is formed:
what are the monosacchirades of these disacchirades:
maltose
sucrose
lactose

what are the glucose isomers found in these polysacchirades
(weird muna logic - there’s bound to be some of it she says)
glycogen
starch
cellulose

Answer 4

• glycosidic bond
• alpha glucose + alpha glucose
• glucose + fructose
• glucose + galactose
• alpha
• alpha
• beta

Question 5

what type of polysacchirade is starch and where is it found? aka the definition of starch
we now know that the isomer found in starch is alpha glucose but what are the 2 polymers it uses (SWEET GIRL…)
amylose - a guy thats got a hint of sugar in his tank
a 1-4 glycosidic bonds means it’ll have what sort of shape? or like sexual orientation
amylopectin - bisexual girl
starch is insoluble (think cornstarch in water), why do we need this? (2 points)

Answer 5

• main storage polysacchirade found in plants
• amylose and amylopectin
• LONG UNBRANCHED CHAINS of glucose molecules joined by a-1, 4 glycosidic bonds. it forms a helix through hydrogen bonding that can coil so it can be compact making it great for tight packing and so great for stotagee
• straight
• chain of glucose molecules joined together by a-1, 4 glycosidic bonds but where every 25 glucose MOLECULE chain is connected by a-1, 6 glycosidic bond meaning it’s branched. because it’s branched it’s easy to hydrolyse back into alpha glucose as it has so many ends. this means it allows for rapid release of glucose to provide energy
• so it doesn’t affect water potential making it good for storage

Question 6

tell me everything you know about glycogen (HARAMI + sense of urgency)
what is cellulose as in what type of polysacchirade and where’s it found?
tell me EVERYTHING about cellulose:
key words for celullose:
- fibrous structure
- great mechanical strength

Answer 6

• similar to amylopectin just more branches and very compact PLUS faster hydrolysis
• insoluble so it doesn’t affect water potential
• polymer so doesn’t diffuse out of cell
• structural polysacchirade found in plants
• long unbranched chains of glucose molecules joined together by a-1, 4 glycosidic bonds. it also has individual bonds linked to EACH OTHER by MANY hydrogen bonds forming strong microfibrils. the hydrogen bonding prevents water from entering making it resistant to enzyme hydrolsis

Question 7

test for non reducing sugar:
why is the fact that starch is a polymer really good for it (ADD THIS TO QUESTIONS)
what does ABBA mean?
differences between starch and cellulose:
all carbohydrates contain what 3 elements:

Answer 7

• first benedicts
• add acid,mix, heat
• COOL and neutralise with alkali
• redo benedicts
• doesn’t diffuse out of cell
• lots of glucose monomers that can be released to provide energy for respiration
• means that the OH group is either above or below the CARBON ring

starch
- alpha glucose
- all glucose monomers same way up
- branched
- 1,4 and 1,6
- no microfibrils

cellulose:
- beta glucose
- alternate glucose monomers rotated 180 degrees
- unbranched
- only 1,4
- strong microfibrils

• C, H, O