Proteins (biological molecules0 Flashcards
What is a protein made from
A sequence of amino acids linked together in a long chain
name of amino acids animals make from their diet
Essential amino acids
How do plants make amino acids
Mineral ions and carbs from photosynthesis
What is an amino acid made from
Amino group (NH2) carboxyl group (cooh) Alpha carbon Hydrogen R group
Name to describe acidic and basic properties
Amphoteric
What happens to an amino acids put into a PH less than 7
Acidic solution contains lots of hydrogen ions, so…
NH2 finds it easy to gain a H ion
COOH hard to loose one
What happens to an amino acid in a solution of PH7
Both groups ionise
NH2 gains an ion
COOH loses an ion
TRends for PH less and and more than 7, with regards to hydrogen
PH < 7 easy to combine with hydrogen
PH> 7 easy to release hydrogen
WHat is the primary structure
linear sequence of amino acids in a polypetide chain, held by pepetide bonds, determined by DNA
Secondary structure of protein
Repeated folds and twists of the peptide chain to form alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets
held by hydrogen bonds
Tertiery structure
Irregular folds of the alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets- form
SPECIFIC COMPACT GLOBULAR SHAPE
held by: ionic, hydrogen bonds, disulfide or hydrophobic interactions
Describe each bonds in tertiery structure and what breaks them down
Ionic, formed between a completely + R group and completely - R group, changes in PH break down
Disulfide- cytosine, STRONG COVALENT, broken down by REDUCING AGENTS
Hydrogen bonds- d+ and d-, broken by change in PH and high temperature
Hydrophobic interaction- Carbn and Hydrogen bonds ONLY
Quaternary structure
Two or more polypeptide chains bonded to form a larger molecule
What is it called if a non protein attaches onto the quaternary structure
CONJUGATED PROTEIN
Difference in primary structures in fibrous protein and globular
Globular- non repeating sequence of amino acids, same length chain
Fibrous- repeating sequence of amino acids, varying lengths