Proteins (biological molecules0 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a protein made from

A

A sequence of amino acids linked together in a long chain

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2
Q

name of amino acids animals make from their diet

A

Essential amino acids

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3
Q

How do plants make amino acids

A

Mineral ions and carbs from photosynthesis

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4
Q

What is an amino acid made from

A
Amino group (NH2)
carboxyl group (cooh) 
Alpha carbon
Hydrogen 
R group
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5
Q

Name to describe acidic and basic properties

A

Amphoteric

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6
Q

What happens to an amino acids put into a PH less than 7

A

Acidic solution contains lots of hydrogen ions, so…
NH2 finds it easy to gain a H ion
COOH hard to loose one

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7
Q

What happens to an amino acid in a solution of PH7

A

Both groups ionise
NH2 gains an ion
COOH loses an ion

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8
Q

TRends for PH less and and more than 7, with regards to hydrogen

A

PH < 7 easy to combine with hydrogen

PH> 7 easy to release hydrogen

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9
Q

WHat is the primary structure

A

linear sequence of amino acids in a polypetide chain, held by pepetide bonds, determined by DNA

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10
Q

Secondary structure of protein

A

Repeated folds and twists of the peptide chain to form alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets
held by hydrogen bonds

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11
Q

Tertiery structure

A

Irregular folds of the alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets- form
SPECIFIC COMPACT GLOBULAR SHAPE
held by: ionic, hydrogen bonds, disulfide or hydrophobic interactions

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12
Q

Describe each bonds in tertiery structure and what breaks them down

A

Ionic, formed between a completely + R group and completely - R group, changes in PH break down

Disulfide- cytosine, STRONG COVALENT, broken down by REDUCING AGENTS

Hydrogen bonds- d+ and d-, broken by change in PH and high temperature

Hydrophobic interaction- Carbn and Hydrogen bonds ONLY

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13
Q

Quaternary structure

A

Two or more polypeptide chains bonded to form a larger molecule

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14
Q

What is it called if a non protein attaches onto the quaternary structure

A

CONJUGATED PROTEIN

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15
Q

Difference in primary structures in fibrous protein and globular

A

Globular- non repeating sequence of amino acids, same length chain

Fibrous- repeating sequence of amino acids, varying lengths

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16
Q

Difference in nature fibrous protein and globular

A

Fibrous- Secondary structure most important: Insoluble, tough, cross linked polypeptide chains to fibres and sheets

Globular- Tertiary structure most importain: SOLUBLE, polypeptide tightly folded to form a spherical shape

17
Q

Difference in functions in fibrous protein and globular

A

Globular: Metabolically active
makes enzymes
immunology, forms globulins

Fibrous- metabolically inactive
-structural functions

18
Q

polymer formed by amino acids

A

polypeptide

19
Q

What causes the 2ndry structure to differ in length from the primary (alpha)

A

2ndry has alpha helixes reducing its length, primary are linear

20
Q

Why might eating affect the tertiary structure of proteins

A

Changes structure, breaks hydrogen bonds