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Biology > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Species

A

A group of individual organisms with the same morphology and physiology whose members are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

Habitat

A

Where an organism lives

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3
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of life the range of living organisms that can be found

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4
Q

How can biodiversity be seen on 3 different levels

A

Range of habitats in which different species live
Difference between species
Genetic variation in the same species

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5
Q

Why is the estimate of global biodiversity only an estimate

A

We can’t be sure we have found ALL the species on earth
Some species are endangered, becoming extinct
New species are found all the time
Evolution and SPECIATION ARE continiung

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6
Q

WHy do we share so many of our genes with plants

A

We have the same fundamental biochemistry

same genes that code for particular proteins- codes are held in DNA

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7
Q

Random sampling

A

Studying of a small part of the habitat
Assuming that it is CONTAINS A REPRESENTATIVE set of species
can be APPLIED the the WHOLE HABITAT
Sample sites MUST be chosen at RANDOM

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8
Q

3 ways to select where your samples should be situated

A

Random number generator from computer- plot coordinates
Samples at regular distances across the habitat
Select coordinates from a map - portable positioning global satelite- exact position

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9
Q

3 things the number of samples depends on

A

Size
time allocated
diversity- has to be an accurate representation of the diversity

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10
Q

What are the issues with sampling for plants

A

SOme plants are easy to miss- have to carry a visual survey- this is qualitiative data
Can’t be used for statistical analysis

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11
Q

What is a quadrat

A

a A square frame used to define the size of a sample area

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12
Q

How to carry out a random sample

A

random samples using a quadrat
measure of % cover
Record
The number of quadrats depend on size and diversity in habitat

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13
Q

Methods to measure abundance

A

ACFOR scare
estimate % cover
Use a point frame- (needles)
Record any plants touching the needles- 10 needles used 10 times- 100 readings, so each plant touching = 1%

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14
Q

What is a transect and how is it used

A

A line across the habitat
Record the plants touching hte line at set intevals

or
A belt transect
where quadrats are placed at regular intervals

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15
Q

Why do samples need to be random

A

So it can be representative- easy to be distracted distracted by something that looks more interesting- lead to misrepresetating frequency

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16
Q

Ways to observe larger animals

A

Hide away and wait for them

Identify trails left behinds like poo or undigested food

17
Q

5 ways of catching animals

A

Sweep nets- low vegetation areas- catch small animals
wide arc movements trap animals,use a pooter to collect animals before they fly away

Collecting from trees- knock the branch and place a white sheet under to collect animals

Pitfall trap- Place a contained buried in the soil, so any small animal can fall into the container- little water at the botte=om to stop them crawling out

Tullgren funnel- collects small animals from leaf litter

Light trap- collects flyng insects at night using UV light to attract them

18
Q

Why do we need to sample

A

Human activities affect environments in different ways
Environmental Impact assesment (for when developing on an environment)
Maintaining habitats, reducing damage

19
Q

how could you collect animals from leaf litter

A

collect leaf litter
sift through to find any larger animals
collect any animals in jar below

20
Q

WHat is species richness

A

The number of species present in a habitat

21
Q

Species eveness

A

The relative abundance of individuals in each species

22
Q

Whats the difference in measuring species eveness and richness

A

Richness is qulaitative

Eveness is quantitative

23
Q

How is the density of animals ina habitat measured

A 
CApture a sample
Label them C1 
Release them
Set traps over time
Capture again
label C2
Population = (c1xC2) divide C3
24
Q

Simpsons diversity index

A

Formula to measure diversity in a habitat

25
Q

Formula for SImpsons diversity index

A

1-(sum(n/N)squared)
n- number of individuals in a particular species
N is total number of individuals of all all secies

26
Q

How simpsons diversity used

A

hIGH VALUE- DIVERSE HABITAT- lots a species- a small change may affect only one species- if that is in small number small proportion are affected- habitat is able to witstand change

Low value- habitat is dominated by few species- a small change affecting one species could destroy the whole population

27
Q

Suggest the precautions needed to measure popluations of aquatice animals

A

ensure you sample at different depths of water
ensure mud is sampled
ensure different distances from the bank

Biology (20 decks)

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