Classification

Question 1

Biological classification

Answer 1

Process of sorting living things into groups
Natural classfication does this by grouping things according to how CLOSELY RELATED they are

AND REFELCTES EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONARY

Question 2

Taxonomy

Answer 2

Study of the principles of classification

Question 3

WHat is the basic unit of natural classification

Answer 3

species

Question 4

Phylogeny

Answer 4

Study of the evolutionary relationships between

organisms

Question 5

What does monopyletic mean

Answer 5

Belong to the same phylogenetic group

Question 6

what is a common ancestor

Answer 6

an ancestor shared by 2 or > taxonomic groups

Question 7

Prokaryotes

Answer 7

No Nucleus
DNA is in a loop and naked
No membrane bound organelle
smaller ribosomes
Respiration takes place on the plasma membrane 
May be free living or parasitic

Question 8

Protocists

Answer 8

They all don;t fit in any other group so just grouped in this one
Eukaryotes
Mostly single celled
Mostly free living
Wide variety of forms

Question 9

Fungi

Answer 9

Walls made of chitin
Have a mycellium consisting of hyphae
Free living, saprtrophic
Cytoplasm which doesn’t divide into other cells- multinucleate

Question 10

Plants

Answer 10

Autotrophic nutrition
Multicellular embryos from fertilised eggs
cellulose cell walls
eukaryotes

Question 11

Animals

Answer 11

Mulitcellular
Hetertrophs
FErtilised eggs- blastocyst
Eukaryotes
able to move around

Question 12

WHy do we classify

Answer 12

For our CONVENIENCE
To make study of living things more MANAGEABLE
Easier to IDENTIFYliving organisms
See RELATIONSHIPS between species

Question 13

What are domains

Answer 13

Kingdoms grouped into LARGER catefgories

Question 14

Pneumonic for 8 taxa

Answer 14

DEAR
KING
PHILLIP
COME 
OVER
FOR 
GOOD 
SOUP

Question 15

3 DOMAINS

Answer 15

Bacteria
Arachaea
Eukaryotae

Question 16

What happens to the ability to distinguish between 2 organisms as you go down the 8 taxa

Answer 16

IT becomes increasingly more difficult to separate closely related species

Question 17

What is the binomial system

Answer 17

Uses two names to identify each species: genus name and the species name

Question 18

4 reasons why using a common name doesn’t work well

Answer 18

Same organism may have DIFFERENT common names in differrent parts of one country

Different common names are used in different countries

Translation of languages may give different common names

The same common name may be used for a different organism in a different part of the world

Question 19

How do we avoid potential cofusion with regards to common names

Answer 19

Universal language of latin

Question 20

What were early classification systems originally like

Answer 20

Based on observable features
LATER scientists had microscopes
electron microscopes- inside cells
Appearance and anatomy

Question 21

What does Cytochrome C show us about evolutionary relationships

Answer 21

PROTEIN USED IN RESPIRATION
IF the sequence fo amino acids in cytochrome C are compared it can be used:
The more closely linked the amino acids SEQUENCE , the more closely linked
the less closely linked the amino acids SEQUENCE are the less closely linked the species are

Question 22

How is DNA used to show evolutionary relationships

Answer 22

The same sequence of DNA codes for the same protein in all organisms

THe more similar the sequence, the more closely liked the specis

Question 23

What is the fundamental basis of the three domain system

Answer 23

The kindom Prokaryote has two distinct groups bacteria, and archaea

Arachae- similar to eukaryote, have proteins on their DNA, DNA polymerase

Bacteria- differrent membrane and flagella structure

This is proof that a split must be made