Proteins Flashcards
What are protein molecules made up of?
Long chains of amino acids.
How are these amino acid chains folded?
Into a specific shape so other molecules can fit into the protein.
Uses of proteins? 4
- hormones
- antibodies
- catalysts
- structural components of tissues
Catalysts?
Substances which speed up a chemical reaction without being changed or used up.
Biological catalysts?
Enzymes.
Enzymes?
Proteins.
Shape of an enzyme is…?
Specific to its function.
The shape of an enzyme fits onto the…?
Substrate.
What do high temperatures do to an enzyme?
Change its shape.
Denatured enzyme?
Shape changed of an enzyme.
How does pH affect the shape of an enzyme?
Affecting the forces that hold the enzyme molecule together.
What does pH affect? 2
- the shape of the active site
* how an enzyme works best
What does a change in the pH do?
Denatures the enzyme.
When do stomach enzymes work best?
In acidic conditions.
Where do some enzymes work?
Outside body cells.
Where are digestive enzymes produced?
By specialised cells in glands in the lining of the gut.
When do cells come into contact with food molecules?
When the enzymes pass out of the cells into the gut.
What do enzymes in digestion do?
Catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules.
Where is amylase produced? 3
- salivary glands
- pancreas
- small intestine
What does amylase do?
Catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine.
Where is protease produced? 3
- stomach
- pancreas
- small intestine
What does protease do?
Catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine.
Where is lipase produced? 2
- pancreas
* small intestine
What does lipase do?
Catalyses the breakdown of lipids into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine.
