Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What are proteins made of and what is the bond that joins them

A

Amino acids
Peptide bond

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2
Q

Draw the diagram for an amino acid

A

H H O
| | ||
N — C — C
| | |
H R OH

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3
Q

What group is NH2

A

An amine group

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4
Q

What group is COOH

A

Carboxyl group

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5
Q

What does R represent in the amino acid diagram

A

The variable group/side chain

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6
Q

What happens in the primary structure of proteins

A

This is the amino acid chain (polypeptide)
This is determined by the DNA sequence (triplet code, codon)

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7
Q

What happens in the secondary structure of proteins

A

This is when the polypeptide initially folds
Hydrogen bonds form between the polypeptide
Could be alpha helices folding or beta pleated folding

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8
Q

What are the 2 main types of secondary folding

A

Alpha helices
Beta pleated sheet

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9
Q

What happens in the tertiary structure of proteins

A

The 3D structure involves further folding of the secondary protein which is now functional so it can do its job

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10
Q

What are the bonds that form in the tertiary structure

A

Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds
Disulfide bridges

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11
Q

What are disulfide bridges

A

Covalent bonds between side chains containing sulfur
They are very strong

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12
Q

What happens in the quaternary structure of proteins

A

This is when multiple polypeptides join
For example haemoglobin is made from 4 polypeptide chains

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of quaternary structure proteins

A

Globular proteins
Fibrous proteins

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14
Q

Structure of globular proteins

A

Usually round or ball shaped

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15
Q

Function of globular proteins

A

Usually have metabolic functions eg may be either enzymes or antibodies

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16
Q

Example of globular proteins

A

Haemoglobin

17
Q

Structure of fibrous proteins

A

Long and narrow - usually have a structural function

18
Q

Examples of fibrous proteins

A

Collagen (found in muscles, bones and skin)
Keratin (the material that makes up hair, nails and feathers